Vanara-s deliverance from black hole is effectuated by Sainted Lady Swayamprabha. On listening to Hanuma about the plight of monkeys by which they entered this cavity in searching for Seetha, Sainted Lady Swayamprabha becomes sympathetic and offers guestship. When entreated by Hanuma for an exit from that incarceration, and as the time frame set by Sugreeva is lapsed in this very cavity, Swayamprabha uses her ascetic powers to transport the monkeys from that cave, which exit is otherwise impossible for any other intruder, in his aliveness.
अथ तान् अब्रवीत् सर्वान् विश्रांतान् हरि यूथपान् |
इदम् वचनम् एकाग्रा तापसी धर्म चारिणी || ४-५२-१
1. atha = then; dharma caariNii = she who in probity, pursuer of; eka agraa = single-mindedly concentrative; taapasii = sainted lady; vishraantaan = when relaxed; taan sarvaan hari yuuthapaan = to them, all, monkey commanders; idam vacanam abraviit = this, word, spoke.
When those monkey commanders are relaxed after refreshments, then that sainted lady, who concentrates single-mindedly and who is a pursuer of probity, spoke this word to all of them. [4-52-1]
वानरा यदि वः खेदः प्रनष्टः फल भक्षणात् |
यदि च एतत् मया श्राव्यम् श्रोतुम् इच्छामि कथताम् || ४-५२-२
2. vaanaraaH = oh, Vanara-s; phala bhakSaNaat = fruits, by devouring; vaH khedaH = your, enervation; pranaSTaH yadi = eased off, if; etat = all that [episode of yours]; mayaa shraavyam yadi = by me, listenable, if; [taam = that]; kathataam = episode; shrotum icChaami = to listen, I wish.
"Oh, vanara-s, if your enervation is eased off by devouring fruits, and if I may listen to that episode of yours, I wish to listen to it." Thus Swayamprabha addressed the monkeys. [4-52-2]
तस्याः तत् वचनम् श्रुत्वा हनुमान् मारुत आत्मजः |
आर्जवेन यथा तत्त्वम् आख्यातुम् उपचक्रमे || ४-५२-३
3. maaruta aatmajaH hanumaan = Air-god's, son, Hanuma; tasyaaH tat vacanam shrutvaa = of hers, that, sentence, on hearing; aarjavena = sincerely; yathaa tattvam = as per, in its pithiness; aakhyaatum upacakrame = to narrate, stated.
Hanuma, the son of Air-god, sincerely started to narrate their episode in its pithiness on hearing her words. [4-52-3]
राजा सर्वस्य लोकस्य महेन्द्र वरुण उपमः |
रामो दाशरथिः श्रीमान् प्रविष्टो दण्डका वनम् || ४-५२-४
लक्ष्मणेन
सह भ्रात्रा वैदेह्या च अपि भार्यया |
तस्य भार्या जनस्थानात् रावणेन हृता बलात् || ४-५२-५
4, 5. sarvasya lokasya raajaa = of all, world, king; mahendra varuNa upamaH = Mahendra, Rain-god, who is similar to; daasharathiH = son of Dasharatha; shriimaan raamaH = illustrious one, Rama; bhraatraa lakSmaNena saha = bother, Lakshmana, along with; bhaaryayaa vaidehyaa api ca = along with wife, Vaidehi, even also; daNDakaa vanam praviSTaH = Dandaka, forest, entered; tasya bhaaryaa = his, wife; raavaNena = by Ravana; janasthaanaat balaat hR^itaa = from Janasthaana, coercively, abducted.
"The king of all the world and one similar to Mahendra and Rain-god, such an illustrious Rama of Dasharatha entered Dandaka forest with his bother Lakshmana, even along with his wife Vaidehi, but Ravana coercively abducted his wife from Janasthaana. [4-52-4, 5]
वीरः तस्य सखा राज्ञः सुग्रीवो नाम वानरः |
राजा वानर मुख्यानाम् येन प्रस्थापिता वयम् || ४-५२-६
6. viiraH = valiant one; vaanara mukhyaanaam raajaa = of Vanara-s, important ones, king; sugriivaH naama = Sugreeva, one known as; vaanaraH = a Vanara; tasya raaj~naH sakhaa = that, king's [Rama's,] friend; yena vayam prasthaapitaa = by whom, we are, expedited.
"A valiant one and the king of important vanara-s known as Sugreeva is a vanara and the friend of that kingly Rama, and that vanara king expedited us. [4-52-6]
अगस्त्य चरिताम् आशाम् दक्षिणाम् यम रक्षिताम् |
सहैभिर्वानरैमुख्यैरङ्गदप्रमुखैर्वयम् - यद्वा -
सह एभिः वानरैः
मुख्यैः अंगद प्रमुखैः वयम् || ४-५२-७
रावणम् सहिताः सर्वे राक्षसम् काम रूपिणम् |
सीतया सह वैदेह्या मार्गध्वम्
इति चोदिताः || ४-५२-८
7, 8. sarve sahitaaH = [you] all, collectively; vaidehyaa siitayaa saha = for one from Videha kingdom, for Seetha, together with; kaama ruupiNam raakSasam raavaNam = by wish, guise-changer, for demon, for Ravana; maargadhvam = [you] shall search; iti = saying so; vayam = we; angada pra mukhaiH = Angada, et al; ebhiH mukhyaiH vaanaraiH saha = these, with important, vanara-s, along with; agastya caritaam = by Sage Agastya, trodden [walkabout]; yama rakSitaam = by Yama, the Death-god, watched over; dakSiNaam aashaam coditaaH = to southern, prospect [direction,] we are mobilised.
"He mobilised us along with these important vanara-s and Angada as helmsman to this southerly prospect, which is the walkabout of Sage Agastya and watched over by Yama, the Death-god, saying, 'you all shall collectively search for Seetha of Videha kingdom together with the demon Ravana, a guise-changer by his wish.' [4-52-7, 8]
विचित्य तु वयम् सर्वे समग्रम् - समुद्रम् - दक्षिणाम् दिशम् |
वयम् बुभुक्षिताः सर्वे वृक्ष मूलम् उपाश्रिताः
|| ४-५२-९
9. vayam sarve = we, all; samagram = in entirety; [or] samudram = at ocean - other than southern ocean; dakSiNaam disham = southerly, direction; vicitya = on searching out; bubhukSitaaH = we were hungry; vayam sarve = we, all; vR^ikSa muulam upa aashritaaH = tree, at stem, nearby, dependent on [gathered around.]
"On searching out the southerly direction in its entirety we are all hungered and we all gathered around at a tree-stem. [4-52-9]
विवर्ण वदनाः सर्वे सर्वे ध्यान परायणाः |
न अधिगच्छामहे पारम् मग्नाः चिन्ता महाअर्णवे || ४-५२-१०
10. sarve = [we] all; vi varNa vadanaaH = without, colour faced - became whey-faced; sarve dhyaana paraayaNaaH = [we] all, in propositions, preoccupied; cintaa mahaa arNave = despair, great [depthless,] ocean [the deep of]; magnaaH = deluged; paaram = other shore [of despair ocean]; na adhi gacChaamahe = not, over, reached by us.
"All of us were whey-faced, all of us were preoccupied with propositions, thus deluged in the depthless deep of our despair we could not overreach the other shore of our oceanic despair. [4-52-10]
चारयन्तः ततः चक्षुः दृष्टवन्तो महद् बिलम् |
लता पादप संछन्नम् तिमिरेण समावृतम् || ४-५२-११
11. tataH = then; cakSuH caarayantaH = [our] eyes, while straggling; lataa paadapa sanChannam = with creepers, woody trees, wrapped up in; timireNa samaavR^itam = by darkling, enwrapped; mahat bilam = wide, cavity; dR^iSTavantaH = we became perceivers of - we perceived.
"Then straggling our eyes we perceived this wide cavity wrapped up with vines and woods and enwrapped in darkling. [4-52-11]
अस्मात् हंसा जल क्लिन्नाः पक्षैः सलिल रेणुभिः |
कुरराः सारसाः चैव निष्पतन्ति पतत्रिणः || ४-५२-१२
12. asmaat = from it [cavity]; salila reNubhiH pakSaiH = with water, drops, [with such flapping] wings; jala klinnaaH = water, drenched; [sprinkling]; hamsaaH = swans; kuraraaH saarasaaH caiva = fish-hawks, saarasa waterfowls , also thus; patatriNaH = birds; niS patanti = out, falling [coming out.]
"Swans, water-hawks, saarasa-waterfowls were coming out of this cavity drenched in water and sprinkling drops of water with the flaps of their wings. [4-52-12]
साधु अत्र प्रविशाम इति मया तु उक्ताः प्लवंगमाः |
तेषाम् अपि हि सर्वेषाम् अनुमानम् उपागतम् || ४-५२-१३
13. atra saadhu pravishaama iti = therein, good, we enter, thus; mayaa tu plavangamaaH uktaaH = by me, on my part, fly-jumpers are, said; teSaam sarveSaam api hi = for them, all of them, even, indeed; anumaanam = inference of water; upaagatam = came about.
"I said to all of them, 'Good! Let us enter it,' while they too had some inference about the availability of water in here. [4-52-13]
अस्मिन् निपतिताः सर्वे अपि अथ कार्य त्वरान्विताः |
ततो गाढम् निपतिता गृह्य हस्तौ परस्परम् || ४-५२-१४
14. atha = then; kaarya tvara anvitaaH = by task's, haste, having [hastened by our task]; sarve api = all [of us,] even; tataH ni patitaa [nipatana arthaaya] = then, down, fell [readied ourselves to fall in cavity]; parasparam = each of each; hastau gaaDham gR^ihya = hands, tightly, taking [clasping]; asmin ni patitaaH = in it, down, fell - we fell down in this cavity.
"As our task was hastening us then we all readied ourselves to fall in the cavity by tightly clasping each other's hand, and then we fell in this cavity. [4-52-14]
इदम् प्रविष्टाः सहसा बिलम् तिमिर संवृतम् |
एतत् नः कार्यम् एतेन कृत्येन वयम् आगताः || ४-५२-१५
त्वाम् च एव
उपगताः सर्वे परिद्यूना बुभुक्षिताः |
15, 16a. timira samvR^itam = darkness, shrouded in - Black Cavity; idam bilam sahasaa praviSTaaH = this, cavity, readily we entered,; etat naH kaaryam = this much, our, work [here in cavity]; etena kR^ityena vayam aagataaH = by this, escapade [for water,] we all, have come; bubhukSitaaH = who are ravenous; paridyuunaa = who are retrogressive; sarve = all [of us]; tvaam upagataaH = at you, came near.
"Thus we readily entered this Black Cavity, and this much is our activity in here as we all have come here by our escapade for water, and we neared you when we were ravenous and retrogressing. [4-52-15, 16a]
आतिथ्य धर्म दत्तानि मूलानि च फलानि च || ४-५२-१६
अस्माभिः उपभुक्तानि बुभुक्षा परिपीडितैः |
16b, 17a. bubhukSaa paripiiDitaiH = by hunger, overly harassed ones; asmaabhiH = by us; aatithya dharma dattaani = hospitality, by grace of, offered [by you]; muulaani ca phalaani ca = tubers, also, fruits, also; upabhuktaani = devoured.
"And we who are overly harassed by hunger have devoured the fruits and tubers you have offered with the grace of your hospitality. [4-52-16]
यत् त्वया रक्षिताः सर्वे म्रियमाणा बुभुक्षया || ४-५२-१७
ब्रूहि प्रत्युपकार अर्थम् किम् ते कुर्वन्तु वानराः
|
17b, 18a. bubhukSayaa mriyamaaNaa = with hunger, on the verge of death; sarve = all of us; yat = by which reason; tvayaa rakSitaaH = by you, rescued; by that reason alone; vaanaraaH = vanara-s; te = to you; prati upakaara artham = in turn, favour's, sake [in requital]; kim kurvantu = what, can they do; bruuhi = you tell.
"You have rescued all of us who were on the verge of hunger-deaths, and what is to be done by vanara-s for you in requital that you may please tell." Thus Hanuma spoke to that sainted lady. [4-52-17b, 18a]
एवम् उक्ता तु सर्वज्ञा वानरैः तैः स्वयंप्रभा || ४-५२-१८
प्रत्युवाच ततः सर्वान् इदम् वानर यूथपान् |
18b, 19a. taiH vaanaraiH = by those, by vanara-s; evam uktaa = thus, she is spoken; sarva j~naa = omniscient; svayamprabhaa = Swayamprabha; tataH = then; sarvaan vaanara yuuthapaan = to all, monkey, commanders; idam prati uvaaca = this, in turn, said [replied.]
When she is spoken thus by those vanara-s then that omniscient Swayamprabha replied this to all of the vanara commanders. [4-52-18b, 19a]
सर्वेषाम् परितुष्टा अस्मि वानराणाम् तरस्विनाम् || ४-५२-१९
चरंत्या मम धर्मेण न कार्यम् इह केनचित् |
19b, 20a. tarasvinaam sarveSaam vaanaraaNaam = mighty ones, with all, of vanara-s; pari tuSTaa asmi = overly [very,] happy, I am; dharmeNa carantyaa = with equity, conducting myself; mama = to me; iha kenacit = now, in the least; kaaryam na = work, no - I do not need anything.
"I am very happy with all of the mighty vanara-s and what I have done to you is a part of my conduct in equity, hence nothing need be done now in my favour, in the least. [4-52-9b, 20a]
The other versions of Ramayana complete this chapter with this verse and place the following subject in a separate chapter.
एवम् उक्तः शुभम् वाक्यम् तापस्या धर्म संहितम् || ४-५२-२०
उवाच हनुमान् वाक्यम् ताम् अनिन्दित लोचनाम् |
20b, 21a. taapasyaa = by sainted lady; evam = that way; dharma samhitam = , propriety, agreeable to; shubham vaakyam = blessed, word; uktaH hanumaan = one who is spoken to, Hanuma; a nindita locanaam = not, reprovable, eyed [rather, one with such discernment]; taam = to her; vaakyam uvaaca = sentence, said.
When Hanuma is said that blessed word by that sainted lady in that way, that which is agreeable to propriety, then Hanuma said this sentence to her who is with an unreprovable discernment. [4-52-20b, 21a]
शरणम् त्वाम् प्रपन्नाः स्मः सर्वे वै धर्मचारिणिम् || ४-५२-२१
यः कृतः समयो अस्माकम् सुग्रीवेण महात्मना |
स तु कालो व्यतिक्रान्तो बिले च परिवर्तताम् || ४-५२-२२
21b, 22. dharma caariNim = scrupulosity, comporting yourself; tvaam = in you; sarve sharaNam prapannaaH smaH = [we] all, auspice, we obtained [we are under]; mahaatmanaa sugriiveNa = noble-souled one, by Sugreeva; asmaakam = for us; yaH samayaH kR^itaH = which, time, made [stipulated]; saH kaalaH = that, time; bile = in cavity; pari vartataam = around, while roving; yatikraanta [vi ati kraantaH = verily, over, stepped] we lapsed it.
"We are now under the auspices of your ladyship comporting yourself in scrupulosity. We lapsed the time stipulated for us by the noble-souled Sugreeva by our roving around in this cavity. [4-52-21b, 22]
सा त्वम् अस्मात् बिलात् अस्मान् उत्तारयितुम् अर्हसि |
तस्मात् सुग्रीव वचनात् अतिक्रान्तान् गत आयुषः || ४-५२-२३
23. saa = such as you are - a righteous lady; tvam = you; tasmaat sugriiva vacanaat atikraantaan = that, Sugreeva's, word [order, of timeframe] overextended; gata aayuSaH = lost [threatened,] with longevity; asmaan = us; asmaat bilaat uttaarayitum arhasi = from this, cavity, to crossover, apt of you.
"Such as you are, a righteous lady, it will be apt of you to cross us over this cavity, as we have overextended the timeframe fixed by Sugreeva, whereby our longevity itself is threatened. [4-52-23]
त्रातुम् अर्हसि नः सर्वान् सुग्रीव भय शन्कितान् |
महत् च कार्यम् अस्माभिः कर्तव्यम् धर्मचारिणि || ४-५२-२४
तत् च अपि न कृतम् कार्यम् अस्माभिः इह वासिभिः |
24, 25a. dharma caariNi = oh, prudent lady; sugriiva bhaya shankitaan = from Sugreeva, fear, [we who have become] hesitaters - haunted by; naH sarvaan = us, all; traatum arhasi = to sail through, apt of you; asmaabhiH = by us; mahat kaaryam ca kartavyam = admirable, achievement, also, is achievable; iha vaasibhiH = here, living - held up; asmaabhiH = by us; tat kaaryam ca api = that, deed, also, even; na kR^itam = not, done.
"Oh, prudent lady, sail all of us through. We are rendered as hesitaters with the fear from Sugreeva. We still have to achieve an admirable achievement and that deed is also left undone as we are held-up in here." Thus Hanuma spoke to her. [4-52-24, 25a]
एवम् उक्ता हनुमता तापसी वाक्यम् अब्रवीत् || ४-५२-२५
जीवता दुष्करम् मन्ये प्रविष्टेन निवर्तितुम् |
25b, 26a. hanumataa evam uktaa taapasii = by Hanuma, thus, she who is said, sainted lady; vaakyam abraviit = sentence, said; praviSTena = he who entered - for incomers; jiivataa nivartitum = while living, outgoing - from this cavity; duSkaram manye = impracticable, I believe.
When Hanuma said thus that sainted lady said sentence, "I believe outgoing is impracticable for the incomers in aliveness from this cavity. [4-52-25b, 26a]
तपसः सुप्रभावेन नियम उपार्जितेन च || ४-५२-२६
सर्वान् एव बिलात् अस्मात् तारयिष्यामि वानरान् |
26b, 27a. niyama upa arjitena = by self-restraints, acquired; tapasaH su prabhaavena = by ascesis', sublime, efficacy; sarvaan eva vaanaraan = all of the, thus, vanara-s; asmaat bilaat taarayiSyaami = from this, cavity, I wish to sail them through - make you departure from cavity.
"By the sublime efficacy of ascesis acquired through my practices of numerous self-restraints I wish to sail all of the vanara-s through the incarceration, called this cavity. [4-52-26b, 27a]
निमीलयत चक्षून्षि सर्वे वानर पुंगवाः || ४-५२-२७
न हि निष्क्रमितुम् शक्यम् अनिमीलित लोचनैः |
27b, 28a. sarve vaanara pungavaaH = all of you, vanara-s, the best; cakSuunSi nimiilayata = eyes [eyelids,] close; a nimiilita locanaiH = not, shut, with eyes; niSkramitum = trying to exit; na shakyam hi = not, possible, indeed.
"All of you best vanara-s shall close up your eyelids, for it is indeed impossible to attempt an exit with unclose eyes." Thus that sainted lady said to monkeys. [4-52-27b, 28a]
ततो निमीलिताः सर्वे सुकुमार अंगुलैः करैः || ४-५२-२८
सहसा पिदधुः दृष्टिम् हृष्टा गमन कान्क्षिणः |
28b, 29a. tataH = then; gamana kaankSiNaH = departure, desirers; hR^iSTaa = gladdened; sarve nimiilitaaH = all, closed [their eyes]; sahasaa = immediately; sukumaara angulaiH karaiH = with delicate, fingered, with hands; dR^iSTim pidadhuH = eyesight, lidded.
Then all of those desirers of departure are gladdened and immediately shut their eyelids, and further they lidded them with their delicately fingered hands. [4-52-28b, 29a]
वानराः तु महात्मानो हस्त रुद्ध मुखाः तदा || ४-५२-२९
निमेष अन्तर मात्रेण बिलात् उत्तारिताः तथा |
29b, 30a. tadaa = then; hasta ruddha mukhaaH = with hands, blocked - covered, with faces; mahaatmaanaH vaanaraaH tu = noble-souled, vanara-s, on their part; [tayaa = by her]; tathaa = that way; nimeSa antara maatreNa = a minute, within, barely; bilaat = from cavity; ut taaritaaH = up, sailed through.
She then sailed those noble souled vanara-s who covered their faces with their hands through that cavity barely within a minute. [4-52-29b. 30a]
उवाच सर्वान् तान् तत्र तापसी धर्म चारिणी || ४-५२-३०
निःसृतान् विषमात् तस्मात् समाश्वास्य इदम् अब्रवीत् |
30b, 31a. dharma caariNii = in righteousness, she who is conducting herself - a virtuous lady; taapasii = sainted lady; tatra = there - at the exterior of cavity; taan sarvaan uvaaca = to them, all, spoke; viSamaat tasmaat niHsR^itaan = precarious, from that [cavity,] those who came out; samaashvaasya idam abraviit = on comforting, even this, spoke.
That virtuous and sainted lady on comforting all of the monkeys, who are taken out of that precarious cavity, spoke this to them at the exterior of cavity. [4-52-30b, 31a]
एष विन्ध्यो गिरिः श्रीमान् नाना द्रुम लता आयुतः || ४-५२-३१
एष प्रसवणः शैलः सागरो अयम् महा उदधिः |
स्वस्ति
वो अस्तु गमिष्यामि भवनम् वानरर्षभाः |
इति उक्त्वा तत् बिलम् श्रीमत् प्रविवेश स्वयम्प्रभा || ४-५२-३२
31b, 32. eSa = this; shriimaan = magnificent one; naanaa druma lataa aayutaH = with diverse, trees, vines, surrounded by; vindhyaH giriH = is Vindhya, mountain; eSa prasavaNaH shailaH = this is, Prasravana, [named] mountain; ayam saagaraH mahaa udadhiH = this one, ocean, vast expanse, of water; vaanararSabhaaH = oh, Vanara-s, best ones; vaH svasti astu = to you, safe, may betide; bhavanam gamiSyaami = to [my] mansion, I wish to go [back]; iti uktvaa = thus, on saying; svayamprabhaa = Swayamprabha; shriimat tat bilam = ostentatious one, that, cavity; pravivesha = [re] entered.
"This one which is surrounded by diverse trees and vines is the magnificent Vindhya Mountain, this mountain is Prasravana, and this vast expanse of water is the southerly ocean. Now I wish to return to my mansion... oh, best vanara-s, let safety betide you." saying thus Swayamprabha the Sainted Lady, re-entered the ostentatious cavity, called Riksha Bila. [4-52-31b, 32]
- - - .
Luminescence vs. non-luminescence
The episode of Swayamprabha is usually taken as a matter of fact scene, and almost un-commentated by ancient commentators, but it has some bearing on the import of the famous Vedic saying a-sato maa sat-gamaya, tamaso maa jyotir gamaya, mR^ityor maa a-mR^itam gamaya 'from unreality lead me unto reality, from darkness lead me unto light, from mortality lead me unto immortality...' Here the monkeys on duty have entered a black hole, saw an unreal world, and are on the verge of hunger-deaths, and they want release from the three, viz., darkness, unreality and death. Then a real being Swayamprabha, with her own self-luminosity appeared and gave them the real food, saved them from mortality and led them to luminance from 'their' darkness, rather than from the 'cavity's' darkness.
The entry of monkeys into a gloom is the pathless search in their duty, seeing an unreal world is deeming their search as unreal, rather meaningless, and hunger-death is not in their physical aspect, it is the hungering for finding Seetha, as Swayamprabha alone says tarasvinaH vaanaraaH ' mighty monkeys...' as such they are they can sustain for some more days or months without food, but they are mortal and their hope of finding Seetha is now subjected to mortality. In view of these facts they needed a torch, a beacon, a blind-lamp in blinding darkness, called a 'way-out for Seetha's search...'
Hanuma is not that diffident a monkey to speak very humble pleasantries as at verses 16 and 17. He addressed the sainted lady, 'as you have led us to light from darkness, also saved us from physical deaths, lead us unto reality, truth, a correct way to reach our destination and let this dying hope in search become immortal in finding Seetha...' Accordingly, Swayamprabha being a godsend transported them to the southerly side of the cavity, avoiding other directions. If they are transported to northern side they have to return to Kishkindha, only to die at the hand of Sugreeva. Why she has transported them to southern side is because, she is sarvaj~na an 'all-knower...' knower of past, present and the future course of Ramayana. On this southern side there is an ocean and whether to cross it or die on that seashore is up to the monkeys. As a torchbearer and illuminator of the gloomy thoughts of monkeys, her role-play is over and she retunes to her cavity. In the next few chapters the monkeys quarrel among themselves, but Hanuma is the only one to learn lesson from Swayamprabha's action in transporting them to this end of ocean, takes lead in future events. Hence, Swayamprabha led Hanuma to the three positives, the truth, luminescence, and liveness of their mission.
- - -
इति वाल्मीकि रामायणे आदि काव्ये किष्किन्ध काण्डे द्वि पंचाशः सर्गः
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© Dec, 2002, Desiraju Hanumanta Rao [Revised : December 04]
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