Book IV : Kishkindha Kanda - The Empire of Holy Monkeys

Chapter [Sarga] 17
Verses converted to UTF-8, Nov 09

Introduction

Rama's arrow hits Vali on chest and Vali fallen down. But Vali is not dead yet. When Rama and Lakshmana approach dying Vali, he questions the propriety of Rama in killing him. Vali's questioning explicitly is straightforward befitting to the defeated mighty Vanara King. But implicitly, there are ancient commentaries that deduce many more meanings in picturising Vali as a devotee of Rama, who wanted to die at the hand of Rama, like Viraadha and others, as a means of salvation.

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ततः शरेण अभिहतो रामेण रण कर्कशः |
पपात सहसा वाली निकृत्तैव पादपः || ४-१७-१

1. tataH = then; raNa karkashaH vaalii = in war, scourger, Vali; raameNa shareNa abhi hataH = by Rama , by his arrow, completely hit; nikR^itta paadapaH iva = whittled down, tree, as with; sahasaa papaata = suddenly, fell down.

When Rama's arrow hit him then Vali, the scourger in war, suddenly fell down like a hewed down tree. [4-17-1]

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स भूमौ न्यस्त सर्वांगः तप्त कांचन भूषणः |
अपतत् देव राजस्य मुक्त रश्मिर् इव ध्वजः || ४-१७-२

2. tapta kaancana bhuuSaNaH = one with melted, golden, ornaments [who glittered]; saH = he that Vali; mukta rashmiH = on release, of ropes; deva raajasya dhvajaH iva = god's, king's [Indra's,] ensign, like; bhuumau nyasta sarva angaH = he, on earth [into dust,] kept [sank,] all, body-parts; a patat = fell down.

He who glittered with pure golden ornaments, that Vali fell down on earth while all of his limbs sank to dust, like the flag of Indra when released from its ropes. [4-17-2]

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अस्मिन् निपतिते भूमौ हरि ऋषाणाम् गणेश्वरे |
नष्ट चन्द्रम् इव व्योम न व्यराजत मेदिनी || ४-१७-३

3. hari R^ikSaaNaam gaNa iishvare = for monkeys, for bears, hosts of, lord's; asmin bhuumau nipatite = on his, on earth, when fell; medinii = earth; naSTa candram vyoma iva = lost, moon, welkin, like; na vyaraajata [vi a raajata] = not, forsooth, illuminated.

On the fall of that lord of hosts of monkeys and bears onto earth, unilluminated is the earth like the welkin that has forsooth lost its moon. [4-17-3]

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भूमौ निपतितस्य अपि तस्य देहम् महात्मनः |
न श्रीर् जहाति न प्राणा न तेजो न पराक्रमः || ४-१७-४

4. bhuumau nipatitasya api = on earth, fallen, though; mahaatmanaH tasya deham = of great-soul one, his, from body; shriiH na jahaati = brilliance, not, leaving - unfettering; praaNaa na = lives, neither; tejaH na = resplendence, neither; paraakramaH na = bravery, neither.

Though that great souled Vali fell onto earth, neither his brilliance, nor lives, nor resplendence, nor his bravery are unfettering from his body. [4-17-4]

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शक्र दत्ता वरा माला कान्चनी रत्न भूषिता |
दधार हरि मुख्यस्य प्राणान् तेजः श्रियम् च सा || ४-१७-५

5. shakra dattaa = by Indra, given; kaancanii ratna bhuuSitaa = golden, gem, studded; varaa = superb one; saa maalaa = that, chest pendant; hari mukhyasya = monkey, chief's; praaNaan tejaH shriyam ca = lives, resplendence, brilliance, also; dadhaara = sustained.

That superb and gem-studded golden pendent given by Indra sustained that monkey chief's lives, resplendence and brilliance. [4-17-5]

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स तया मालया वीरो हैमया हरियूथपः |
संध्यानुगत पर्यन्तः पयोधर इव अभवत् || ४-१७-६

6. viiraH saH hari yuuthapaH = brave one, he that Vali, monkeys, general of; haimayaa tayaa maalayaa = golden one, by that [by wearing it,] pendant; sandhya anugata = colour of sunset, traced with - smeared with; pari antaH = all, around edges; payaH dhara iva abhavat = water, bearing [black-cloud,] like, he became [appeared to be.]

By still wearing that golden chest-pendant around his neck, that brave general of monkeys Vali appeared like a black-cloud smeared with the colour of golden sunset all around its edges. [4-17-6]

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तस्य माला च देहः च मर्मघाती च यः शरः |
त्रिधा इव रचिता लक्ष्मीः पतितस्य अपि शोभते || ४-१७-७

7. patitasya api = fallen one, though; tasya maalaa ca dehaH ca = his, chest-plate, also, body, also; marma ghaatii yaH sharaH = crucial-organ [heart in chest,] striking, which, arrow is; along with it; tridhaa racitaa lakSmiiH iva = in three ways, written [crafted, devising,] splendour, as though; shobhate = effulgent.

Even though Vali has fallen on ground his splendour is as though refulgent devising itself into three aspects, namely by his body, chest-pendant, and the arrow of Rama, which arrow is given to strike the crucial body parts alone, and which is still stuck in Vali's chest. [4-17-7]

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तत् अस्त्रम् तस्य वीरस्य स्वर्ग मार्ग प्रभावनम् |
राम बाणासन क्षिप्तम् आवहत् परमाम् गतिम् || ४-१७-८

8. svarga maarga prabhaavanam = to heaven, pathway, effectuating; raama baaNa aasana kSiptam = Rama's, arrow's, seat [bowstring,] discharged from; tat astram = that, arrow; tasya viirasya = for that, brave one Vali; paramaam gatim aa vahat = ultimate, course - redemption, brought forth.

That arrow which effectuates the pathway to heaven, now discharged from the bow of Rama has brought forth that redemption to brave Vali . [4-17-8]

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तम् तथा पतितम् संख्ये गत अर्चिषम् इव अनलम् |
ययातिम् इव पुण्यान्ते देव लोकात् परिच्युतम् || ४-१७-९
आदित्यम् इव कालेन युगान्ते भुवि पातितम् |
महेन्द्रम् इव दुर्धर्षम् उपेन्द्रम् इव दुस्सहम् || ४-१७-१०
महेन्द्र पुत्रम् पतितम् वालिनम् हेम मालिनम् |
व्यूढ उरस्कम् महाबाहुम् दीप्तास्यम् हरि लोचनम् || ४-१७-११
लक्ष्मण अनुचरो रामो ददर्श उपससर्प च |

9, 10, 11, 12a. sankhye tathaa patitam = in war, thus, fallen; gata arciSam analam iva = extinct, flames, fire, as with; puNya ante = at merit's, end; deva lokaat paricyutam = from god's, world, fallen; yayaatim iva = [who is] Yayaati, like; aadityam kaalena iva = Sun, by Time-ender, like; yuga ante bhuvi paatitam = at era, end, on earth, flung; mahendram iva durdharSam = Indra, like, unassailable; upendram iva dussaham = Upendra, like, intolerable [in war]; mahendra putram = Indra's, son - at Vali; hema maalinam = one with golden, pendent; vyuuDha uraskam = enormous, chested; mahaa baahum = having mightily, arms; diipta asyam = glowing, faced one; hari locanam = green, eyed one; tam vaalinam = him, to that Vali; lakSmaNa anucaraH raamaH = Lakshmana, following, Rama; patitam = as has fallen; dadarsha upasasarpa ca = seen, and neared, also.

Then on seeing him who has fallen in war, the one with golden pendant, enormously chested, mightily armed, face golden, eye greenish, but who is like a fire extinct of its flame; who is like Indra in unassailability and like Upendra in indomitability; and who like Yayaati who has fallen from heaven, as well like the sun who falls onto earth from solar orbit when Time-ender flings him at the end of era; such as he is, on seeing that son of Indra, who forsooth has fallen, Rama neared him followed by Lakshmana. [4-17-9, 10, 11, 12a]

Yayaati is the son of Nahusha, who was a king of repute. After a rigorous penance Yayaati attains heaven. But he starts his self-praise and goes on narrating his achievements. Indra tries to tell him that 'this is heaven, here there is no you-ness and I-ness...' but in vain. Later unable to contend with Yayaati's self-eulogy Indra pushes him back to mortal worlds. Vali is in the same predicament as he took pride in his own brawny strength but now battered by still mightier person.

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तम् तथा पतितम् वीरम् गत अर्चिष्मतम् इव अनलम् || ४-१७-१२
बहुमान्य च तम् वीरम् वीक्षमाणम् शनैरिव |
उपयातौ महावीर्यौ भ्रातरौ राम लक्ष्मणौ || ४-१७-१३

12b, 13. tam viiram = him, brave one, Vali; tathaa patitam = like that, fallen; gata arciSmatam analam iva = extinguished, tongues of flame, fire, like; shanaiH iva viikshamaaNam = slowly - droopily, thus, who is seeing; tam viiram = him that brave one; bahumaanya = honouring him; mahaa viiryau bhraatarau = great, valiant, brothers; raama lakshmaNau = Rama , Lakshmana; upayaatau = neared him.

On seeing the brave Vali fallen like that, who by now is like fire with extinguished tongues of flames, and who is seeing droopily, those two valiant brothers, Rama and Lakshmana, neared him with due honour. [4-17-12b, 13]

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तम् दृष्ट्वा राघवम् वाली लक्ष्मणम् च महाबलम् |
अब्रवीत् परुषम् वाक्यम् प्रश्रितम् धर्म संहितम् || ४-१७-१४
स भूमौ अल्पतेजोसुः निहतो नष्ट चेतनः |
अर्थ सहितया वाचा गर्वितम् रण गर्वितम् || ४-१७-१५

14. ni hata = flatly, hurt; alpa tejosuH = with trifling, energy and lives; naSTa cetanaH = trivialised, vigour; bhuumau = who is on earth [fallen to earth]; saH vaalii = he that, Vali; raNa garvitam = [to Rama who in this] conflict, taking pride [of victory]; tam raaghavam = him, at Raghava; mahaa balam lakSmaNam ca = at greatly, mighty, Lakshmana, also; dR^iSTvaa = having seen; artha sahitayaa vaacaa = meaning, containing, with words - with meaningful words; paruSam = sarcastic; prashritam = with politeness; dharma samhitam = rightness, abiding with - self-righteous; vaakyam = sentence, words; garvitam = in proper pride [in self-respect]; abraviit = spoke.

On seeing Rama and the great mighty Lakshmana as well, he who fell to ground flatly hurt by arrow, and whose energy and lives are trifling and vigour trivialised thereby, that Vali spoke these sarcastic words in his proper pride to Rama, who is taking pride in this conflict as a victor, which words at the same time have meaning, politeness, and self-righteousness. [4-17-14, 15]

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त्वम् नराधिपतेः पुत्रः प्रथितः प्रिय दर्शनः |
पराङ्मुख वधम् कृत्वा को अत्र प्राप्तः त्वया गुणः |
यदहम् युद्ध सम्रब्धः त्वत् कृते निधनम् गतः || ४-१७-१६

16. tvam nara adhipateH putraH = you are, people's, king's, son; prathitaH = renowned one; priya darshanaH = with pleasing looks; yuddha samrabdhaH = conflict, one who is in commotion of; aham = I; tvat kR^ite = by you, done - owing to you; yat nidhanam gataH = which [kind of death, ignoble death,] demise, I went - I got death; paraa~Nmukha vadham kR^itvaa = one facing away [from you,] killing him, on undertaking; atra = in this [matter]; kaH guNaH tvayaa praaptaH = what, merit, by you, achieved.

"You are a renowned prince with pleasing looks.. but, which kind of death I am getting now, that too when I was in the commotion of conflict with another, alas, that ignoble death is owing to you, and what merit is achieved by you in this undertaking of yours to kill someone who is facing away from you... [4-17-16]

From hereon the sentences of Vali and also of Rama in next chapter are commented variously and voluminously. Apart from upholding Rama's deed as a rightful one, Vali's position is also kept up, by deducing meaning from these utterances and Vali is pictured as a dedicate to the Absolute. Maheshvara Tiirtha in his Ramayana tattva diipika gives many tones for these aspects, mainly as innuendo of praise, vyaaja ninda.

In this verse itself Vali's expression is said to be like this: paraa~Nmukha vadham kR^itvaa = 'one who is faced way - not in battlefield, but in the battle field like life, say from morality and doing all unethical things, like exiling younger brother and captivating his wife... killing of such an antagonist is rightful of you...' For another compound kaH atra praaptaH tvayaa guNaH other mms use kaH nu praaptaH tvayaa guNaH in that nu has a special usage in Ramayana, as at 1-1-2 konvasmin saampratam loke etc. Here also, taking kaH nu guNaH it is said that 'verily invaluable merit is achieved by you and your godhood is established by absolving me. For me, getting killed at your hand is no less a merit, by which I am rid of all sins, and I am now going to heavens...' This is supported by scriptures raajatva shaashan paapasyatadaapnoti kilbiSam 'one who is rightfully punished by the king is rid of all sins'; and according to the saying as well: raaja bhidhR^ita daNDaastu kR^itvaa paapaani maanavaaH | nirmalaH svargam aayaanti santa sukR^ito yathaa and I will go to heavens without blemish'.

For the last compound tvat kR^ite nidhanam gataH other mms use shareNa urasi taaditaH 'with arrow, on chest, struck...' establishing that Rama did not backstab Vali, but hit on chest as said at 4-16-35: vaali vakSasi paatitaH.

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कुलीनः सत्त्व संपन्नः तेजस्वी चरितव्रतः |
रामः करुणवेदी च प्रजानाम् च हितेरतः || ४-१७-१७
सानुक्रोशो महोत्साहः समयज्ञो दृढव्रतः |
इति एतत् सर्व भूतानि कथयन्ति यशो भुवि || ४-१७-१८

17. raamaH = Rama is; [said to be]; kuliinaH = high-born; sattva sampannaH = mightiness, gifted with; tejasvii = resplendent; carita vrataH = pursuer, of vows; karuNa vedii ca = mercy, mindful of, also; prajaanaam hite rataH ca = people's, welfare, delighted in, also; saanukroshaH = sympathetic; mahaa utsaahaH = greatly, enthusiastic [in good deeds]; samaya j~naH = time, knower of - knower of timely action; dR^iDha vrataH = assertively, committed; iti = thus; etat = all these; [te = your]; yashaH = [your] renown; sarva bhuutaani bhuvi kathayanti = all, living beings, on earth, are relating.

"Rama is high-born, they say, gifted with mightiness, resplendent, pursuer of vows, mindful of mercy, delighter in people's welfare, sympathetic, greatly enthusiastic and assertively committed in doing good deeds, knower of time-and-action, all these living-beings on earth are thus relating your renown, aren't they. [4-17-17, 18]

Explicitly it is Vali's harsh accusation of Rama, but implicitly it is a praise offered to Rama, since his arrow accords heavens to Vali. This is the same with the following two verses. vyaaja ninda innuendo of praise.

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दमः शमः क्षमा धर्मो धृति सत्यम् पराक्रमः |
पर्थिवानाम् गुणा राजन् दण्डः च अपकारिषु || १-१७-१९

19. raajan = oh, king; damaH = controlling senses; shamaH = controlling [manas] will; kshamaa = forgiveness; dharmaH dhR^iti satyam = conscientiousness, resoluteness, truthfulness; para aakramaH = adventurousness; apakaariSu daNDaH ca = wrongdoers, punishing of, also; parthivaanaam guNaa = for kings, aptitudes.

"To be able to control senses and will, forgiveness, conscientiousness, resoluteness, truthfulness, and adventurousness, oh, king, are the aptitudes of a king, and even punishing the wrongdoers, too. [4-17-19]

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तान् गुणान् संप्रधार्य अहम् अग्र्यम् च अभिजनम् तव |
तारया प्रतिषिद्धो अपि सुग्रीवेण समागतः || १-१७-२०

20. aham = I; taan guNaan = those, [kingly] characteristics [will be obtainable in you]; tava agryam abhijanam ca = of your, noble, dynasty, also [judging by your dynasty]; sampradhaarya = concluding from [them]; taarayaa pratiSiddhaH api = by Tara, dissuaded, even though; sugriiveNa samaagataH = with Sugreeva, confronted.

"Concluding that those kingly characteristics will be obtainable in you, and even judging by the noble dynasty of yours, I have confronted Sugreeva though Tara dissuaded me. [4-17-20]

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न माम् अन्येन संरब्धम् प्रमत्तम् वेद्धुम् अर्हसि |
इति मे बुद्धिर् उत्पन्ना बभूव अदर्शने तव || १-१७-२१

21. tava = your; a darshane = by non, appearance; anyena samrabdham = with another, combating; pramattam = unvigilant one; maam = me; veddhum [ katham] na arhasi = to wound [to hurt,] [how] not, apt of him; iti me buddhiH utpannaa babhuuva = thus, my, concept, came up, became.

"When you have not appeared before me when I confronted Sugreeva my concept was, 'it will be inapt of Rama to hurt me while I am combating with another combatant, besides, when I will be unvigilant in that fight...' [4-17-21]

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न त्वाम् विनिहत आत्मानम् धर्म ध्वजम् अधार्मिकम् |
जाने पाप समाचारम् तृणैः कूपम् इव आवृतम् || १-१७-२२

22. na jaane tvaam = not, known, you; vinihataaatmaanam [vi ni hata aatmaanam] = completely, down, trodden, minded - one who killed one's own soul];] na jaane tvaam = not, known, you]; dharma dhvajam a dhaarmikam = virtue, flag-bearer, un, virtuous one; paapa sam aacaaram = of evil, conduct - devious; na jaane = not, known; tR^iNaiH aavR^itam kuupam iva = with straw, covered, water-well, like.

"Not known that your soul is put to death, not known that you are the unrighteous flag bearer of righteousness, to me not known that you are insidious like straw covered well. [4-17-22]

In the verse the two words na, jaane 'not known to me' are used only once. While bringing it two more times for filling the ellipses, adhyaahaara, meaning is drawn to all three expressions as above i.e., 'Unknown are the three things... etc.' Vali is said to have admitted that Supreme Soul is not a struck-out entity or killable, and either sin or profanity is attachable to Him, as per the saying in Bhagavad Gita, kam ghaatayati hanti kam? 'who can stab the soul, who hurts it... na enam chindanti shasraaNi 'knife can cleave It not...' as at 2-21 and its successive verses. Here Vali has said that 'nobody knows, including me... that you are flag-bearer of virtue above individual souls, sins...'

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सताम् वेष धरम् पापम् प्रच्छन्नम् इव पावकम् |
न अहम् त्वाम् अभिजानामि धर्म छद्माभि संवृतम् || १-१७-२३

23. sataam veSa dharam = benign-soul's, outfit, wearing; paapam = sinner; pracChannam paavakam iva = [ash] covered, fire, like; dharma Chadma abhi samvR^itam = probity, garb, explicitly mantled with; tvaam aham na abhijaanaami = you, I, not, have known.

"I have no knowledge that you are a sinner, one in the garb of a benign soul, and explicitly mantled under the garb of probity like ash covered fire. [4-17-23]

The word paapam is either sin or sinner. If it is said as sin, then it is attached to next compound then it is read as the admission of Vali in noticing Rama as Supreme Person, paapam pracChannam iva paavakam , 'as fire will burn the one who is covered with sin, you also will burn...' And there is no 'garb of dharma...' to you, for you are dharma itself. Thus Vali said to have noticed Supreme in Rama, as said at apahata paapmatvaadi guNa vishiSTa 'Supreme Person is one who is above the words like sins, merits' etc.

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विषये वा पुरे वा ते यदा पापम् करोमि अहम् |
न च त्वाम् अवजाने अहं कस्मात् त्वम् हंसि अकिल्बिषम् || १-१७-२४
फल मूल अशनम् नित्यम् वानरम् वन गोचरम् |
माम् इह अप्रतियुध्यन्तम् अन्येन च समागतम् || १-१७-२५

24, 25. aham = I; yadaa = when [by the reason of]; te viSaye vaa pure vaa = I your, country, or, city, or; paapam na karomi = sin - misdeed, not, I did; tvaam = you; na ca avajaane = not, also, taunted; [for that reason I am]; a kilbiSam = non, guilty; nityam = always; phala muula ashanam = fruits, tuber, eater; vana gocaram = in forest, mover; vaanaram = Vaanara; iha = now; a prati yudhyantam = not, countering [you, not en face] while combating; anyena samaagatam ca = with another, involved, furthermore; maam tvam kasmaat hamsi = me, you, what for, torturing.

"I am non-guilty as I have not committed any misdeed either in your country or in your city, nor I have taunted you; I am a vanara subsisting on fruits and tubers and always moving in forests alone; such as I am, what made you to torture me when I was not combating with you en face, furthermore, when I was involved with another? [4-17-24, 25]

'You do not kill any guiltless beings, tvam api a+kilbiSam na himsi , but you are now killing me because there is some guilt in my deeds, of which I am well aware, but waited for you to come...' This is the subtext of Vali's retrospection.

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त्वम् नराधिपतेः पुत्रः प्रतीतः प्रियदर्शनः |
लिन्गम् अपि अस्ति ते राजन् दृश्यते धर्म सम्हितम् || १-१७-२६

26. tvam priya darshanaH = you are, pleasing, in your looks; nara adhipateH putraH = humans, lord's, son - prince; pratiitaH = [thus you are] renowned; raajan = oh, king; te dharma samhitam = in you, rectitude, agreeable with; lingam api asti = indication, even, to be there; dR^ishyate = appearing.

"You are renowned to be a prince with charming looks, oh, king, and indications agreeable to rectitude are also appearing on your body. [4-17-26]

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कः क्षत्रिय कुलेजातः श्रुतवान् नष्टसंशयः |
धर्म लिंग प्रतिच्छन्नः क्रूरम् कर्म समाचरेत् || १-१७-२७

27. kSatriya kule jaataH = in Kshatriya, family, one born in; shrutavaan = well-heard [one learned in Veda-s]; naSTa samshayaH = rid of, ambiguities [of right and wrong]; dharma linga praticChannaH = probity, air of, cloaked in; kaH = who [will anybody]; kruuram karma samaacaret = ruthless, deed [like this one, killing me,] executes.

"Will anybody born in Kshatriya's family, a learned one in Veda-s, thereby who is rid of ambiguities with respect to right and wrong, and who is cloaked in an air of probity, execute such a ruthless deed like this? [4-17-27]

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राम राघव कुले जातो धर्मवान् इति विश्रुतः |
अभव्यो भव्य रूपेण किम् अर्थम् परिधावसे || १-१७-२८

28. raama = oh Rama; raaghava kule jaataH = in Raghava, dynasty, born; dharmavaan iti vishrutaH = moralist, thus, renowned; such as you are, you are actually; a bhavyaH = while being amoral; bhavya ruupeNa = in moral, aspect; kim artham pari dhaavase = for what, purpose, you run after - run around.

"Though born in Raghava's dynasty and renowned as a moralist you are actually amoral, and for what purpose you run around with this moral aspect? [4-17-28]

'Oh, Rama, you took birth, not so, emerged as an incarnation in Raghava's dynasty, artham purposefully... abhavya san 'though cruel...' bhavya ruupeNa paridhaavasi, kim? you are moving about with a superficial aspect of a morally sagacious person, or what? No definitely. kruura karma samaacaret? or did you do a wrongdoing in killing me? Not so.

If it is said that you are an incarnate on earth, there cannot be duality in your inner aspect or outer aspect. You cannot have a cruel heart with a charming face of a prince, when you alone are the protector of Universe. Equally, taking birth in Raghava-s lineage you cannot move about with a sagely appearance and go on killing beings like me. So, there shall be some purpose in killing me. artham kim 'what is that purpose...'

This is Vali's self-assurance that Rama is the Supreme Being, but killed him with some purpose, and he would like to know that purpose. In this sequence, Vali assumes that Rama killed him in his search for Seetha, and thus Vali tells Rama 'if that is the only reason I would have brought Seetha in one day without any bloodshed…' The purpose for Vali's elimination is nothing but the elimination of Ravana.

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साम दानम् क्षमा धर्मः सत्यम् धृति पराक्रमौ |
पार्थिवानाम् गुणा राजन् दण्डः च अपि अपकारिषु || १-१७-२९

29. raajan = oh, king; saama daanam kSamaa dharmaH satyam = influencing, largesse, forbearance, probity; dhR^iti paraakramau = candour, conquering; apakaariSu daNDaH api ca = wrong, doers, punishing, also, even; paarthivaanaam guNaa = king's, aptitudes.

"Influencing, largesse, forbearance, probity, candour, and conquering are the attributes of the kings, oh, king, and even punishing the wrongdoers. [4-17-29]

'The first said political strategies saama, daana, bheda, may not work with me because I am not a coequal of yours in kingship, so the last one, daNda, 'punishing the wrongdoer,' is enough to eliminate me, for I must have committed wrongs.'

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वयम् वनचरा राम मृगा मूल फल अशनाः |
एषा प्रकृतिर् अस्माकम् पुरुषः त्वम् नरेश्वरः || १-१७-३०

30. raama = oh, Rama; vayam muula phala ashanaaH = we, tubers, fruit, eaters; vanacaraa mR^igaaH = forest, moving, animals; eSaa asmaakam prakR^itiH = this is, our, nature; tvam nara iishvaraH puruSaH = you are, human's, king, a man; the following gist is expanded.

"We as animals live in forests while you are city dwellers, we live by eating fruits and tubers while you enjoy feasts and banquets, our nature is such to kill and get killed, thus you and me have no correlation. And you, even if you are a man and a prince for humans, you resorted to this animalistic way of killing me lying in the wait, thus your action is worse than that of an animal, if not subhuman or un-princely. [4-17-30]

The stress of Vali is on his animality. Being a man why killing a monkey unworthy in rituals or in diet, is his question. [cf. 38 and 39 verses of this chapter.] Are they just monkeys - is the subsequent question. If these Vanara-s were to be a just fruit-eating animals why Vali used to offer sandhya , time-oriented oblations to gods as stipulated in Veda-s, in an unusual way of swinging from one ocean to the other. And why Tara, who is said to be the knowers of Vedic hymns, as in previous chapter bid swastyayanam , bon voyage with Vedic hymns to Vali? This is because of the superiority of vanara race than animals.

The other argument of Vali is like this: 'We are animals living in forests and unlike elephants, horses and the like, we are not even fit to render service to mankind, doing which those animals enjoy high grade foods than us, while we are destined to eat fruits and tubers. When there is no rapport between you humans and we monkeys, and then there can be no enmity between you and me, because enmity crops up only when there is a correlation. Apart from this, I am no equal of yours, but inferior and worthless vanara, and hence your killing me is only to give me salvation.' Maheshvara Tiirtha.

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भूमिर् हिरण्यम् रूपम् च निग्रहे कारणानि च |
तत्र कः ते वने लोभो मदीयेषु फलेषु वा || १-१७-३१

31. nigrahe = to hold back [to counteract somebody]; bhuumiH hiraNyam ruupam ca = territory, gold, silver, also; kaaraNaani ca = causes, also; tatra = in that case; te = to you; vane = in forest; madiiyeSu phaleSu vaa = mine, in fruits, either; kaH lobhaH = what is, decoy.

"Territory, gold, and silver will be the causes while counteracting somebody, in that case, by what you are decoyed into these forests of mine or in the fruits of mine. [4-17-31]

The statements of 'my forests... my fruits...' will be retorted by Rama in the next chapter.

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नयः च विनयः च उभौ निग्रह अनुग्रहौ अपि |
राज वृत्तिर् असंकीर्णा न नृपाः काम वृत्तयः || १-१७-३२

32. nayaH ca vinayaH ca = in propriety, also, in compliance, also,; nigraha anugrahau = in punishment, in pardoning; ubhau api = both [in the pair,] even; a samkiirNaa = without, admixture; raaja vR^ittiH = king's, craft; nR^ipaaH kaama vR^ittayaH na = kings, volitionally, conduct themselves, they do not.

"In the pairs of propriety and compliance, punishment and pardoning, no admixture is exercised in kingcraft, for the kings do not conduct themselves volitionally. [4-17-32]

Vali's statement is: 'Even the ordinary rulers on earth do not conduct themselves without adhering to their codes of conduct, then what is there to speak of you who is the Ruler of Universe. So, you must have imposed this punishment without mixing the pairs of opposites that results in my salvation...'

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त्वम् तु काम प्रधानः च कोपनः च अनवस्थितः |
राज वृत्तेषु संकीर्णः शरासन परायणः || १-१७-३३

33. tvam tu = you, but; kaama pradhaanaH ca = [achievement of your own] desire, is primary to you [self-interested]; kopanaH ca = wrathful one, also; an avasthitaH = inconstant, capricious; raaja vR^itteSu samkiirNaH = in king's, duties, concocting - contriver of kingcraft; shara aasana paraayaNaH = arrow, seating [on the taut of bowstring,] engaged in, [shooting-happy archer.]

"But, to you your self-interests are primary, and you are a wrathful, capricious, contriver of kingcraft, and an impetuous shooting-happy archer. [4-17-33]

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न ते अस्ति अपचितिः धर्मे न अर्थे बुद्धिर् अवस्थिता |
इन्द्रियैः काम वृत्तः सन् कृष्यसे मनुजेश्वर || १-१७-३४

34. manuja iishvara = oh, people's, lord; te = to you; dharma = in probity; apacitiH = devotion; na asti = is not, there; buddhiH arthe na avasthitaa = [your] intellect, in material gains, not, firm; kaama vR^ittaH san = by wishes, operating [free willed,] as you are; indriyaiH kR^iSyase = by senses, being drawn [distracted.]

"Oh, king, you have no devotion to probity, nor your mind is firm about material gains, but as a free-willed one you are distracted by senses. [4-17-34]

"The 'Lord of People' is the Supreme Person incarnated himself as a king of humans as per the derivation of the word naaraayaNa , one who conducts humans to and fro from him. tvam 'you...' ; Here the tu is as in verse at 4-17-33, i.e., kim ardhaka, kim Are you? ; So, tvam kaama pradhaanaH 'you are the primary one to humans to aspire for. While all the created beings aspire one thing or the other, humans have many more wants. But above all these human wants, you are the primary-want to be desired or aspired for salvation.' avaapta samasta kaamanaH 'you do not have any aspiration or desire for yourself...' kopanaH ' in punishing the wrongdoers you are a wrathful one...' anavasthitaH 'unstable, ever-moving, dynamic in maintaining universe. ' raaja vR^ittaiH ca samkiirNaH is read otherwise as raaja vR^itteSu samkiirNaH 'concocted is your kingly orientation, for you wear cloths like a saint and yet handle weaponry, whereas in actuality there no garb for you.' The first compound in 4-17-34 is read as te dharme apacitiH na 'you have no sincerity in ordinary scripture-laid virtues...' and then it is said, 'scriptures and canons are for ordinary humans but you are above them... so you are beyond the ordinary canons that emerged for humans' kaama vR^itte san ' you are independent in your deeds or movements...' indriyaiH kR^iSyase, kim? 'are you drawn away by senses, or what? No. You cannot be drawn away by the horses called senses for you are the holder of their reins. So you are the jana iishvara Supreme Lord for the people, as king of people, or as the Supreme Person who took incarnation as Rama.

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हत्वा बाणेन काकुत्स्थ माम् इह अनपराधिनम् |
किम् वक्ष्यसि सताम् मध्ये कर्म कृत्वा जुगुप्सितम् || १-१७-३५

35. kaakutstha = oh, Rama; an aparaadhinam = un, offending one; maam iha baaNena hatvaa = me, now, by arrow, on killing; jugupsitam karma kR^itvaa = detestable, deed, on doing; sataam madhye kim vakSyasi = gentlemen, amongst, what, you will tell - how you are answerable.

"How you are answerable to gentlemen, Rama, when you have done this detestable deed of killing an unoffending one like me with your arrow? [4-17-35]

Since this killing of Vali is an intricate act, some may point out that Rama is at fault in killing Vali. But Vali states here inversely that, "you may inform gentlemen who may point out that this act of yours in killing me is a wrongdoing... you may say them that 'I have killed a wrongdoer so I am not at fault...' " Vali has no need to say repeatedly that he is killed by the arrow of Rama, as he is not killed by a sword or cudgel. But, it is to be repeated necessarily to remind that the arrow came from an unknown destination.

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राजहा ब्रह्महा गोघ्नः चोरः प्राणिवधे रतः |
नास्तिकः परिवेत्ता च सर्वे निरय गामिनः || १-१७-३६

36. raaja haa = king, slayer [regicide]; brahma haa = Brahman, slayer of; go ghnaH = cow, slayer of; praaNi vadhe rataH = beings, in killing, one engaged in - an inveterate killer; choraH = thief; naastikaH = atheist; parivettaa ca = who marries before the marriage of his elder brother; sarve niraya gaaminaH = all, hell, goers.

"A regicide, a Brahman-cide, a cow-slayer, a thief, an inveterate killer, an atheist, and an younger brother who marries before his elder, all of them will go to hell. [4-17-36]

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सूचकः च कदर्यः च मित्र्घ्नो गुरुतल्पगः |
लोकं पापात्मानम् एते गच्छन्ते न अत्र संशयः || १-१७-३७

37. suucakaH ca kadaryaH ca = slander-monger, also, skinflint; mitra ghnaH = friend, killer; guru talpa gaH = with teacher's, bed, enterer [ love-maker with teacher's wife]; ete = these; paapa aatmaanam lokam gacChante = of evil, souled ones, to worlds, they go; na atra samshayaH = not, there, doubt.

"A slander-monger, skinflint, friend-killer and one who makes love with his teacher's wife, they all go to the worlds of evil-souls, no doubt about it. [4-17-37]

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अधार्यम् चर्म मे सद्भी रोमाणि अस्थि च वर्जितम् |
अभक्ष्याणि च मांसानि त्वत् विधैः धर्मचारिभिः || १-१७-३८

38. me carma a dhaaryam = my, skin is, un, wearable; romaaNi asthi ca = hair, bones, too; sadbhii varjitam = by holy people, discarded - forbidden; tvat vidhaiH dharma caaribhiH = your, kind of, by virtue, pursuers - reputable people; maamsaani a bhakSyaaNi ca = meat, un, eatable, also.

"My skin is unwearable, holy people forbid my hair and bones, and uneatable is my meat for your kind of reputable people. [4-17-38]

Tiger's skin is used as carpet, its two canine teeth are used in golden necklaces, its other body parts are said to contain medicinal properties, and hence the numbers of tigers are dwindling, especially in India. Elephant's tusks are great decorative articles. Camel's bones are made into bangles and bracelets. Rhino's horn has religious use as well as a decorative article. Caamara, Himalayan-yak's hair is used for royal fanning instruments. Deerskin has its own place in high religious seats of saints and sages. Hence the poachers are making a fortune on this fauna. But the skin, bones, or hair of monkey, or to that matter of fact any item of a monkey is not of any use either in religious or in medicinal or for decorative purposes. Hence, they are not killed for food, game or poaching.

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पंच पंच नखा भक्ष्या ब्रह्म क्षत्रेण राघव |
शल्यकः श्वाविधो गोधा शशः कूर्मः च पंचमः || १-१७-३९

39. raaghava = oh, Raghava; brahma kSatreNa = by Brahmans, Kshatriya-s; shalyakaH = a wild-rodent with defensive quills; shvaavidhaH = a kind of boar that kills dogs, wolves etc; godhaa = a lizard with unimaginable grip; shashaH = hare; pancamaH kuurmaH ca = fifthly, tortoise, also; panca = five [kinds of]; panca nakhaa = five nailed animals; bhakSyaa = are edible.

"Raghava, five kinds of five-nailed animals, viz., a kind of wild rodent, a kind of wild-boar, a kind of lizard, a hare and fifthly the turtle are edible for Brahmans and Kshatriya-s. [4-17-39]

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चर्म च अस्थि च मे राजन् न स्पृशन्ति मनीषिणः |
अभक्ष्याणि च मांसानि सो अहम् पंच नखो हतः || १-१७-४०

40. raajan = oh, king; maniiSiNaH = sensible people; me carma ca asthi ca = my, skin, also, bones, also; na spR^ishanti = will not, touch; maamsaani ca = meats, also a bhakSyaaNi = not, to be eaten; panca nakhaH = five, nailed one; saH aham hataH = such as I am, I am killed.

"Sensible people will not touch my skin and bones, oh, king, nor meats from my body are to be eaten, such as I am, a five-nailed animal, I am killed. [4-17-40]

'There appears to be no reason as to why a five-nailed animal like me is to be killed, when there is no reason for political, religious, hunting, or food purposes. Then this act of yours shall have an ultimate purpose isn't it....'

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तारया वाक्यम् उक्तो अहम् सत्यम् सर्वज्ञया हितम् |
तद् अतिक्रम्य मोहेन कालस्य वशम् आगतः || १-१७-४१

41. sarvaj~nayaa taarayaa = by all-knowing, Tara; aham satyam hitam vaakyam uktaH = I am, truthful, favourable, words, said - appraised; mohena = with delusion; tat = that advise; ati kramya = on over stepping - disregarding; kaalasya vasham aagataH = under Time's, control, I have gone in.

"Though Tara appraised me with truthful and favourable words, I just disregarded her advise owing to my own delusion, and gone into the control of Time. [4-17-41]

Though dissuaded by Tara, kaalasya vasham aagataH, satyam; I am bound to come here for my time is over and I am destined to die at the hands of the Supreme Being. Or, to say clearly iishvarasya vasham aagataH, satyam 'I have come under the control Supreme, truly...' where kaalaH, Time, is another name for Supreme Being; kaalo asmi loka kshaya kR^it pravaddhaH... kala

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त्वया नाथेन काकुत्स्थ न सनाथा वसुंधरा |
प्रमदा शील संपूर्णा पति एव च विधर्मिणा || १-१७-४२

42. kaakutstha = oh, Rama; vasumdharaa naathena tvayaa = earth, by husband, by you - you as her husband; shiila sampuurNaa pramadaa = with chastity, endowed, lady - as with; vi dharmiNaa pati iva = without, rectitude, husband, as with; na sa naathaa = not, with spouse.

"With you as her espouser the Earth is not with a correct spouse, as with any lady who is with full-fledged chastity, but with a husband who is without rectitude. [4-17-42]

The king is usually the lord of land. Vishnu is the husband of Earth, bhuu devi. Here Rama is both. Here Vali's contention is, 'unlike a husband without rectitude, you will safeguard the land truthfully as you have all the attributes of a lord of land and a good husband. duSTa nigrahatvaadi kalyaaNa guNa ruupeNa. So, you will protect Earth by eradicating evildoers on it... like me...'

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शठो नैकृतिकः क्षुद्रो मिथ्या प्रश्रित मानसः |
कथम् दशरथेन त्वम् जातः पापो महात्मना || १-१७-४३

43. shaThaH naikR^itikaH kSudraH = artful, felonious, knavish; mithyaa prashrita maanasaH = falsely, modest, at mind - subconsciously; paapaH = evil-minded; katham = how; tvam mahaatmanaa dasharathena jaataH = you are, by great-souled, Dasharatha, given birth.

"How are you borne to that great-souled Dasharatha when you are artful, felonious, knavish, disposed to a false modesty subconsciously, and an evildoer? [4-17-43]

'You are born to great-souled Dasharatha, yato mahaatmanaa dasharathena jaataH... katham shaThaH? 'being the son of such a great-soul Dasharatha, how can you be artful, felonious?

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छिन्न चारित्र्य कक्ष्येण सताम् धर्म अतिवर्तिना |
त्यक्त धर्म अंकुशेन अहम् निहतो राम हस्तिना || १-१७-४४

44. Chinna caaritrya kakSyeNa = one who snapped, tradition's, girdle-cord; sataam dharma ati vartinaa = righteous people's, conventions, over, stepping - infringed; tyakta dharma ankushena = discarded, virtue's, goad; raama hastinaa = by Rama, [named] elephant; aham nihataH = I am, killed.

"I am killed by an elephant called Rama that snapped off its girdle-cord called tradition, that infringed the conventions of righteous people, and that discarded the goad called virtue. [4-17-44]

The girdle-cords, called vaari in Sanskrit foot-cords or girdle cords. The goads of rulebooks etc., are required to the humanly elephants that move in herds, break their cords of traditions, cultures and social values. The Supreme Being is not so, as said later by himself naiva tasya kR^te na artho in Bhagavad Gita at 3-18 and also at saMkarsaya ca kartaaa syaam 3-24. 'So getting eliminated from this mortality by no less than the Supreme Being is my fortune.'

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अशुभम् च अपि अयुक्तम् च सताम् च एव विगर्हितम् |
वक्ष्यसे च ईदृशम् कृत्वा सद्भिः सह समागतः || १-१७-४५

45. a shubham a yuktam ca = un, propitious, un, justified; sataam ca eva vi garhitam = by righteous people, also, thus, condemned; iidR^isham kR^itvaa = this sort of deed - killing, on accomplishing; sadbhiH saha samaagataH = godly men, with, on meeting; [kim = what]; vakshyase = you can say.

"On accomplishing this sort of unpropitious, unjustified killing, which is condemned by the righteous people, what can you say when you meet the godly men? [4-17-45]

Vali is saying in vyaaja ninda praise in innuendo. Taking the last word Vali is prompting Rama to say like this: samaagataH is cleaved as saH maagataH, maam gataH 'he, that Vali, Me, reached...' Vali attained salvation and reached Me. a+shubham ca a+yuktam ca api san, maam gataH 'Though Vali's actions are unpropitious, unjustified and condemnable by the righteous, but by Me eliminated he attained Me, the Supreme Being...' And this agrees with mR^ityuH sarva haraH ca aham Gita - 10-34 'I am the death, an all- exhausting-one.'

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उदासीनेषु यो अस्मासु विक्रमो अयम् प्रकाशितः |
अपकारिषु ते राम न एवम् पश्यामि विक्रमम् || १-१७-४६

46. raama = oh, Rama; udaasiineSu asmaasu = unprejudiced ones, in respect of us; yaH ayam vikramaH prakaashitaH = which, this kind of, valour, shown; evam vikramam = such a, valour; te apakaariSu = in respect of your, evil doers [enemies like Ravana];; na pashyaami = not, I see.

"The valour that which is displayed on the unprejudiced few like us, oh, Rama, I do not see that sort of valour is shown by you in respect of your enemies. [4-17-46]

The word vikrama is triumphing, and treading as well. Taking the meaning of Rama's treading up to Vali it is said as below. apakaariSu 'perpetrating evil on your dedicates like Sugreeva, Hanuma et al' ; asmaasu 'on us, myself, Tara, and Angada' te your yaH 'those feet, that are impossible to be seen by Brahma and others; vi krama valour / treading; pradarshitaH udaasiinesu that are displayed, to great-souls and saints; na pashyaami hitherto I have not seen.

You have shown mercy on us namely myself, Tara, Angada and other adherents of mine, though we have perpetrated evil in respect of your adherents like Sugreeva, Hanuma et al. You have shown mercy by way of your treading towards me on your divine feet, which feet will not be revealed even to Brahma, but at times you reveal them to sages and saints. I have seen them now. Had I seen these Divine Feet earlier, I would have suddenly fallen on them long back, like Sugreeva. But, I do not foresee advancement of the same feet towards the real wrongdoers, namely Ravana, Kumbhakarna and Indrajit, as yet.

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दृश्यमानः तु युध्येथा मया युधि नृपात्मज |
अद्य वैवस्वतम् देवम् पश्येः त्वम् निहतो मया || १-१७-४७

47. nR^ipa aatmaja = oh, king's, son; yudhi dR^ishyamaanaH = in war, while you are being seen - confronting me; mayaa yudhyethaa = with me, if you have combated; mayaa nihataH = by me, killed; adya tvam vaivasvatam devam pashyeH = by now, you, Yama, god, would have seen.

"Had you been in combat with me en face oh, prince, you would have been killed by me and by now you would have seen the death-god Yama. [4-17-47]

Rama might have cut a sorry face for he did not confront Vali vis-à-vis on field, but shot his arrow from afar. Vali says for this, 'it is impossible for others to confront me... but to you nothing is impossible... and you might have confronted me.' Here the word yadi is used in sense kim arthaka i.e., 'or what?' adya mayaa dR^ishyamaanaa san, yuddhyethaa api 'today even if you fight with me manifestly, that too before me... mayaa hataH san, vaivasvata devam pasheH, kim? 'by me killed though, do you see Yama, Death-god, or what?

'It is impossible for others to confront me in combat, and for you there is nothing called impossibility. Other way round, though you confront me in person can I fight you back? Can I kill an unkillable entity? Thinking that, though I am capable of killing you, and hopefully kill you, do you wish to see a lesser god like Yama in naraka the Hell. Improbable and impossible are all these suppositions, and thus this act of eliminating me cannot be called a killing, but 'according salvation' by you the Supreme, in person.'

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त्वया अदृश्येन तु रणे निहतो अहम् दुरासदः |
प्रसुप्तः पन्नगेन इव नरः पाप वशम् गतः || १-१७-४८

48. duraasadaH aham = unassailable one, that is what I am; raNe a dR^ishyena tvayaa = in fight, un, seen - invisible one, by you; paapa [paana] vasham gataH = sin [drunkenness,] control, going into; prasuptaH naraH = well slept, man; pannagena iva = by a snake, like; nihataH = killed.

"An unassailable one, such as I am, I am killed by you while you remained invisible on the field of fight, as with a sinner bitten by a snake while he is asleep. [4-17-48]

Vali is said to be lamenting to have lost his chance to confront Rama face to face in fight. The word paapavasham gato aham is read as paana vasham gato aham in other mms. Meaning that 'a drunken man bitten by snake' and this drunkenness is attributed to Vali and said as:

'In my own drunkenness of unassailable might, I could not see and confront you in fight, and had I been sober, though dead at your hands, I would have been victorious in going to heavens...'

Secondly, it is not Rama that has not shown himself up, it is Vali who did not try to find where Rama is. Rama is aware of the boon given by Brahma to Vali

aahuuya vaalinam brahmaa dadau varam anuttamam | pratiipavarti nobhuuyaat artha balam arindama ||

Summoning Vali, Brahma gave an unexcelling boon... any combatant confronting Vali will loose half of his strength to Vali...

Knowing this through Sugreeva, and honouring Brahma's boon Rama did not come face to face with Vali. This is said at 4-16-27, and 4-16-31. The same is the situation when Hanuma is bound by Brahma missile in Sundara Kanda, where he obliges Brahma's decree.

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सुग्रीव प्रिय कामेन यद् अहम् निहतः त्वया |
माम् एव यदि पूर्वम् त्वम् एतद् अर्थम् अचोदयः |
मैथिलिम् अहम् एक आह्ना तव च आनीतवान् भवेः || १-१७-४९
राक्षसम् च दुरात्मानाम् तव भार्य अपहारिणम् |
कण्ठे बद्ध्वा प्रदद्याम् ते अनिहतम् रावणम् रणे || ३-१७-५०

49. sugriiva priya kaamena eva = Sugreeva, good, intending to do, only; tvayaa aham = by you, I am; yat = for which purpose; nihataH = killed; tvam etat artham = you, for that, reason; puurvam maam eva acodayaH yadi = earlier, me, only, should have prayed, if - if you have assigned me alone, earlier; aham eka aahnaa = I, in one, day; tava bhaarya apahaariNam = your, wife, abductor; duraatmaanaam = evil-minded one; raakshasam raavaNam = demon, Ravana would have been; raNe a nihatam = in fight, without, being killed; kaNThe baddhvaa = by neck, fastening; te pradadyaam = to you, would have given; maithilim ca aaniitavaan bhaveH = Maithili, also, is brought, she would have been.

"For which purpose I am killed, intending to do good to Sugreeva is incidental to it, you should have assigned me for that purpose in the first instance itself, and I would have brought that evil-minded demon Ravana, the abductor of your wife in one day, that too without killing him in any fight, but by fastening him by neck, and I would have presented Maithili to you. [3-17-49, 50]

Rama's approaching Vali for help is an impossible thing. Rama has come all along searching for Sugreeva and befriended him. Also given is the word to Sugreeva to kill Vali. Rama's going back on his own word can never happen. puts it as:

abhaye vaaline datte pratij~na parihiiyate | raavaNasya sakhaa vaalii raavaNo api vrajettu maam | raavaNasya vadha abhaavaat avataara phalam na hi |

If Vali is excused, promise given to Sugreeva fails. Ravana is Vali's friend and even Ravana may come running to Rama seeking refuge, and then leaving Ravana without killing, leaves no fruits of incarnation. Vali's logic is that Ravana alone is the evil minded one in abducting Seetha. How about his own action in incarcerating Ruma, Sugreeva's wife? If this is asked Vali might have replied to save his face, 'I am an animal and those adductions, seductions etc., do not work in our animal kingdom, and we enjoy what we want.' But it is not so with Veda practising Vanara-s. Hence this race is given the title of Vanara, neither animal, nor monkey, nor human.

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न्यस्ताम् सागर तोये वा पाताले वा अपि मैथिलीम् |
आनयेयम् तव आदेशात् श्वेताम् अश्वतरीम् इव || ४-१७-५१

51. saagara toye vaa = in ocean, water, either; paataale vaa api = in netherworld, or, even; nyastaam maithiliim = lodged, Maithili; tava aadeshaat = by your, order; shvetaam ashvatariim iva = as White, Horse, like; aanayeyam = I would have brought.

"I would have brought Maithili at your order even if she is lodged in oceanic waters or in nether worlds, as with the White Horse of Vedic lore. [4-17-51]

There is one Upanishad called shveta ashvatara Upanishad and when it was in the shape of white female horse, this horse was stolen by Madhu and Kaitabha demon-brothers and later retrieved by Hayagreeva, another aspect of Vishnu.

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युक्तम् यत् प्रप्नुयात् राज्यम् सुग्रीवः स्वर् गते मयि |
अयुक्तम् यद् अधर्मेण त्वया अहम् निहतो रणे || ४-१७-५२

52. mayi svar gate = me, heavens, on going; sugiivaH [raajyam] praapnuyaat iti yat = Sugreeva, [kingdom,] will get, thus, that which [fact is]; yukata = is proper; aham raNe tvayaa = I am, in war, by you; a dharmeNa nihata iti yat = un, righteously, killed, thus, that which; a yukatam = is improper.

"The fact of Sugreeva's getting the kingdom after my going to heaven is proper, but the fact of your killing me in war, unrighteously, is improper. [4-17-52]

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कामम् एवम् विधम् लोकः कालेन विनियुज्यते |
क्षमम् चेत् भवता प्राप्तम् उत्तरम् साधु चिंत्यताम् || ४-१७-५३

53. lokaH evam vidham = world is, this, way; kaamam = admittedly; kaalena viniyujyate = by time, preordained; kSamam cet = possible, if; bhavataa praaptam uttaram = by you relevant, reply; saadhu cintyataam = gently, think of.

"Admittedly the world is this way, and if possible a relevant reply may gently be thought ofabout your propriety in killing me..." So said Vali to Rama. [4-17-53]

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इति एवम् उक्त्वा परिशुष्क वक्त्रः
शर अभिघातात् व्यथितो महात्मा |
समीक्ष्य रामम् रवि संनिकाशम्
तूष्णीम् बभौ वानर राज सूनुः || ४-१७-५४

54. shara abhighaataat = by arrow, impaled; vyathitaH = agonised; mahaatmaa = great-souled one; vaanara raaja suunuH = Vanara, king's, son - Vali; pari shuSka vaktraH = wholly, dried up, mouth; ravi samnikaasham raamam = sun, equalling, at Rama; samiikSya = on seeing keenly; iti evam uktvaa = thus, that way, on saying; tuuSNiim babhau = silent, remained.

That great-souled son of a vanara king Vali, whom the arrow impaled and agonised, on keenly seeing Rama whose resplendence equals the brightness of the sun, said that much and remained silent when his mouth has dried up. [4-17-54]

Rama has not used any great or deadly arrow on Vali, but a third rated or lesser one is shot at, because Vali is still lingering with the same arrow in his chest. The same is said in Yuddha kanda, 67th chapter, 154 verse, where Valmiki himself is amazed to say that Kumbhakarna is not killable with that sort of arrow which pierced through seven great sala trees, and which has killed the greatest Vali. yaiH saayakaiH saala varaa nikR^ittaa, vaalii hato vaanara pu~NgavaH ca... and narrating thus the poet says that Vali is nothing when compared with Kumbhakarna and others in Lanka.

- - - .

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इति वाल्मीकि रामायणे आदि काव्ये किष्किन्ध काण्डे सप्तदशः सर्गः

Thus, this is the 17th chapter in Kishkindha Kanda of Valmiki Ramayana, the First Epic poem of India.

Verse Locator for Book IV : Kishkindha Kanda - The Empire of Holy Monkeys : Chapter 17

© 2002, Desiraju Hanumanta Rao [Revised : May 04]