Kausalya, while weeping, rebukes Dasaratha for his evil act of sending Rama to exile. She explains various difficulties being faced by Rama, Lakshmana and Seetha in their forest-life. She says that even if Rama returns to Ayodhya in the fifteenth year, he may not accept the kingdom since enjoyed by Bharata.
vanam gate dharma pare rāme ramayatām vare |
kausalyā rudatī svārtā bhartāram idam abravīt || 2-61-1
1. raame = (When) Rama; dharma vare = excellent in virtue; vare = excellent; ramayataam = among those causing delight; gate = having gone; vanam = to the forest; kausalyaa = Kausalya; svaartaa = herself pained; rudatii = (and) weeping; abraviit = spoke; idam = these words; bhartaaram = to her husband.
When Rama, who is excellent in virtue and outstanding among those causing delight, having left for the forest, Kausalya who was feeling pained, spoke, weeping to her husband as follows:
yadyapi triṣu lokeṣu prathitam te mayad yaśaḥ |
sānukrośo vadānyaḥ ca priya vādī ca rāghavaḥ || 2-61-2
katham nara vara śreṣṭha putrau tau saha sītayā |
duhkhitau sukha samvṛddhau vane duhkham sahiṣyataḥ || 2-61-3
2-3. prathitam yadyapi = despite the fame; triSu lokeSu = in the three worlds; te = of your; mahat = great; yashaH = glory; raaghavaH = (that) Dasaratha; saanukroshaH = is compassionate; vadaanyaH ca = bountiful; priya vaadii ca = and kind in his words; katham = how; tau putrau = your two sons; siitayaa saha = along with Seetha; sukha samvR^iddhau = who grew comfortably; sahiSyataH = can bear; duHkham = suffering; vane = in the forest; duHkhitau = when faced with hardships; nara vara shreSTha = O; the best among the foremost of men!
"Despite the fame in the three worlds of your great glory that Dasaratha is compassionate, bountiful and kind in his words, how your two sons along with Seetha who grew comfortably can bear suffering in the forest when faced with hardships, O the best among the foremost of men!"
sā nūnam taruṇī śyāmā sukumārī sukha ucitā |
katham uṣṇam ca śītam ca maithilī prasahiṣyate || 2-61-4
4. saa maithilii = that Seetha; taruNii = who is a young lady; shyaamaa = in the prime of Her youth; sukumaarii = and very delicate; katham = how prasahiSyate = (She) can tolerate; nuunam = really; uSNam ca = heat; shiitam ca = and cold?
"That Seetha, who is a young lady in the prime of her youth and very delicate, can really tolerate heat and cold?"
bhuktvā aśanam viśāla akṣī sūpa daṃśa anvitam śubham |
vanyam naivāram āhāram katham sītā upabhokṣyate || 2-61-5
5. katham = how; siitaa = Seetha; vishaala akSii = the large-eyed; upabhokSyate = can eat; aahaaram = a good; vanyam naivaaram = prepared with wild rice; bhuktvaa = having eaten; shubham = a good; ashanam = food; suupa damsha anvitam = containing soups and snacks?
"How the large-eyed Seetha can eat a food prepared with wild rice, she having eaten here a good food containing soups and snacks?"
gīta vāditra nirghoṣam śrutvā śubham aninditā |
katham kravya ada simhānām śabdam śroṣyati aśobhanam || 2-61-6
6. katham; how; aninditaa = the irreproachable Seetha; shroSyati = can hear; ashobhanam = the bad; shabdam = sounds; kravya ada simhaanaam = of cruel animals and lions; shrutvaa = after hearing; shubham = the auspicious; giita vaaditra nirghoSam = sounds of singing and music?
"How that irreproachable Seetha can hear the horrid sounds of cruel animals and lions, after hearing the auspicious sounds of singing and music here?"
mahā indra dhvaja samkāśaḥ kva nu śete mahā bhujaḥ |
bhujam parigha samkāśam upadhāya mahā balaḥ || 2-61-7
7. kva = where; mahaabalaH = the mighty hero Rama; mahendra dhvaja samkaashaH = resplendent as Mahendra's standard; mahaabhujaH = and the mighty armed; shete nu = is sleeping indeed; bhujam = with his arm; upadhaaya = as a pillow?
Where Rama the mighty hero, resplendent as Mahendra's standard and the mighty armed is sleeping indeed with his arm as a pillow?"
padma varṇam sukeśa antam padma nihśvāsam uttamam |
kadā drakṣyāmi rāmasya vadanam puṣkara īkṣaṇam || 2-61-8
8. kadaa = when; drakSyaami = shall I see; vadanam = the face; raamasya = of Rama; padma varNam = with the colour of a lotus; sukesha antam = framed with marvelous locks; padma niHshvaasam = of lotus-perfume; puSkara iikSaNam = with eyes resembling lotus-petals; uttamam = and excellent?
"When can I see the face of Rama with the colour of a lotus, framed with marvelous locks of lotus-perfume, with eyes resembling lotus-petals and excellent?"
vajra sāramayam nūnam hṛdayam me na saṃśayaḥ |
apaśyantyā na tam yad vai phalati idam sahasradhā || 2-61-9
9. me hR^idayam = my heart; nuunam = is surely; vajra saaramayam = made fully of the solid-interior of diamond; na = no; samshayaH = doubt; yat = for which; reason; idam = this heart; na phalati vai = is not split; sahasradhaa = into thousand pieces; apashyantaaH = even in my not seeing; tam = that Rama.
There is no doubt that my heart is fully made of the solid-interior of a diamond, for which reason this heart is not shattered into a thousand pieces, even in my not seeing of that Rama."
yattvayā karuṇam karma vyapohya mama bāndhavāḥ |
nirastā paridhāvanti sukhārhaḥ kṛpaṇā vane || 2-61-10
10. vyapohya = having abandoned; karuNam = kindly; karma = action; tvayaa = by you; mana baandhavaaH = my kith and kin; sukhaarhaaH = worthy of comforts; nirastaaH = have been banished; yat = for which reason; paridhaavanti = they are wandering around; vane = the forest; kR^ipaNaaH = miserably."
"It was not a kindly act by you that you banished my kith and kin, who were worthy of comforts to wander around in the forest in such a miserable condition."
yadi pañcadaśe varṣe rāghavaḥ punareṣyati |
jahyādrājyam ca kośam ca bharato nopalskhyate || 2-61-11
11. raaghavaH punareSyati yadi = even if Rama comes back; paNcadashevarshhe = in the fifteenth year; nopalakshhyete = it cannot be inferred; bharataH = that Bharata; jayaat = will abandon; raajyam ca = the kingdom and; kosham ca = the treasury."
"Even if Rama comes back in the fifteenth year, it cannot be inferred that Bharata will abandon the kingdom and the treasury."
bhojayanti kila śrāddhe kecitsvaneva bāndhavān |
tataḥ paścātsamīkṣante kṛtakāryā dvijarṣabhān || 2-61-12
12. kechit = some; shraadhhe = in a ceremony in honour of dead relative; bhojayanti kila = indeed feed; svaan = their won; baandhavaan iva = relatives only; kR^itakaaryaaH = having completed the ceremony; tataH pashchaat = thereafter; samiikSante = they look for; dvijarshhabhaan = the illustrious Twice-born.
"There are those who in a ceremony in hour of dead relatives, first feed their relatives and thereafter, to fulfill their duty, remember to invite the illustrious Twice-born.
tatra ye guṇavantaśca vidvāṃsaśca dvijātayaḥ |
na paścātte.abhimanyante sudhāmapi suropamāḥ || 2-61-13
13. tatra = there; ye = which; guNavantashca = the virtuous; vidvaamsashca = and the learned dvija tayaH = Brahmanas; suropamaaH = who are like unto gods; te = they; na abhimanyante = do not accept; pashcaatt = afterwards; sudhaamapi = even ambrosia.
"The virtuous and the learned Brahmins, who are like unto gods, do not accept afterwards even food as delicious as ambrosia."
brāhmaṇeṣvapi tṛpteṣu paścādbhoktum dvijarṣabhāḥ |
nābhyupaitumalam prājñāḥ śṛṅgaccedamivarṣbhāḥ || 2-61-14
14. tR^ipteSu = the contented; braahmaNeSvapi = even if they are Brahmanas; praaJNaaH = wise; dvijarSabhaaH = and the best of Brahmanas; naabhyupaitumalam = cannot agree; bhoktum = to eat; pashcaat = afterwards; shR^iN^gacchedamiva = as splitting of thorns; R^iSabhaaH = of a bull.
"The best of Brahmins in their wisdom, will not accept what remains of the food of which other Brahmins have partaken, regarding it as a bull shorn of its horns."
evam kanīyasā bhrātrā bhuktam rājyam viśām pate |
bhrātā jyeṣṭhā variṣṭhāḥ ca kim artham na avamaṃsyate || 2-61-15
15. viSaampate = O; King! Nakimartham = why not; jyeSThaaH = the eldest; variSThashca = and the best; bhraataa = brother; avamamsyate = refuse; raajyam = the kingdom; bhuktam = enjoyed; kaniiyasaa = by younger; bhraatraa = brother?"
"O, king! Why not the eldest and the best brother refuse to accept the kingdom enjoyed by the younger brother?"
na pareṇa āhṛtam bhakṣyam vyāghraḥ khāditum iccati |
evam eva nara vyāghraḥ para līḍham na maṃsyate || 2-61-16
16. vyaaghraH = a tiger; necchati = does not wish; khaaditum = to eat; bhakSyam = a food; ashitam = eaten; vareNa = by another animal; evam eva = in the same manner; naravyaaghraH = a tiger among men; na manyate = does not accept; paraliiDham = that which has been enjoyed by another.
"A tiger does not wish to share a part of food eaten by another animal. In the same manner, Rama the tiger among men may not accept that which has been enjoyed by another."
havir ājyam puroḍāśāḥ kuśā yūpāḥ ca khādirāḥ |
na etāni yāta yāmāni kurvanti punar adhvare || 2-61-17
17. haviH = oblations; aajyam = clarified butter; puroDaashaaH = leaving of an offering in a sacrifice; kushaaH = sacred grass; yuupaashcha = sacrificial posts; khaadiraaH = made of trunk of Khadira tree; yaatayaamaani = used once; etaani = these; na kurvanti = are not used; punaH = again; adhvare = in a sacrifice.
"Oblations, clarified butter, leavings of an offering, sacred grass and sacrificial posts made of trunk of Khadira tree, once used, are not put to use again in a sacrifice."
tathā hi āttam idam rājyam hṛta sārām surām iva |
na abhimantum alam rāmaḥ naṣṭa somam iva adhvaram || 2-61-18
18. tathaa = thus; raamaH = Rama; naalam = cannot; abhimantum = accept; idam raajyam = this kingdom; attam = taken away by others; suraamiva = as an ambrosia; hR^itasaaram = whose essence has been taken away; adhvaramiva = and as in a sacrifice; naSTa somam = when the stalks of Soma plant (from which a beverage called Soma is prepared) are lost.
"Thus, Rama cannot accept the kingdom taken away by other, as those not accepting an ambrosia whose essence has been taken away or as in a sacrifice, stalks of Soma plant (from which a beverage called Soma is prepared) are lost."
na evam vidham asatkāram rāghavo marṣayiṣyati |
balavān iva śārdūlo bāladher abhimarśanam || 2-61-19
19. raaghavaH = Rama; na marSayiSyati = will not go through; evam vidham = such a type; astakaaram = of dishonour; avamarshanam iva = as touching; vaaladhe = of the tail; balavaan = by a strong; shaarduulaH = tiger.
"Rama will not go through such a type of dishonour, as a strong tiger does not endure even touching of its tail."
naitasya sahitā lokā bhayam kuryurmahāmṛdhe |
adharmam tviha dharmātmā lokam dharmeṇa yojayet || 2-61-20
20. lokaaH = even if the worlds; sahitaaH = get together; mahaa mR^idhe = in a great battle; nakuryuH = they cannot stir up; bhayam = fear; etasya = in him; dharmaatma = the virtuous minded Rama; yojayat = will provide; dharmeNa = righteousness; lokam = to people; adharmam = with unrighteousness.
"Even if all the worlds combine together in a great battle, they cannot stir up fear in him. The virtuous minded Rama will provide righteousness to the people with unrighteousness."
nanvasau kāñcanairbāṇairmahāvīryo mahābhujaḥ |
yugānta iva bhūtāni sāgarānapi nirdahet || 2-61-21
21. asau = this Rama; mahaaviiryaH = with great prowess; mahaabhujaH = and with mighty arms; nanu nirdahet = can surely burn up; bhuutaani = all beigns; saagaraanapi = and even the ocean; kaancanaiH baaNaiH = like at the time of destruction of the world.
"Rama with great prowess and with his mighty arms can surely burn up all beings and even the ocean itself by his golden arrows; like at the time of destruction of the world."
sa tādṛśaḥ simha balo vṛṣabha akṣo nara ṛṣabhaḥ |
svayam eva hataḥ pitrā jalajena ātmajo yathā || 2-61-22
22. saH naraSabhaH = that excellent man; taadR^iS\shaH = of such; simhabalaH = strength of a lion; vR^iSabhaakSaH = and with eyes like those of a bull; hataH = was mined; pitraa iva = indeed by father; svayam = of his own; aatmajoyathaa = like (killing) its child; jalajena = by a fish.
"That excellent man with such a lion's strength and with eyes like those of a bull was ruined indeed by his own father, like killing its child-fish by an adult fish."
dvijāti caritaḥ dharmaḥ śāstra dṛṣṭaḥ sanātanaḥ |
yadi te dharma nirate tvayā putre vivāsite || 2-61-23
23. putre = a son; dharma nirate = who is devoted to righteousness; nirvaasite = being sent to exile; tvayaa = by you; dharmaH yadi = is it a right thing; shaasradR^iSTah = as seen by scriptures; te = for you; sanaatanaH = or an eternal thing; dvijaaticaritaH = practised by the Twice born?
"A son, who is devoted to righteousness, has been sent to exile by you. Is it a right thing for you, as seen by scriptures or is it an eternal conduct as practiced by the Twice born?"
gatir evāk patir nāryā dvitīyā gatir ātmajaḥ |
tṛtīyā jñātayo rājamḥ caturthī na iha vidyate || 2-61-24
24. raajan = O; king; patiH = husband; ekaa = is a chief; gatiH = refuge; naaryaaH = for a womn; dvitiiyaa gatiH = her second refuge; aatmajaH = is a son; tR^iiyaa = the third refuge; GYaatayH = is a near relative; na vidyate = there is no; chaturdhii = fourth one; iha = here.
"O, king! A husband is a chief refuge for a woman. Her second refuge is a son. The third refuge is her near-relative. There is no fourth one here."
tatra tvam caiva me na asti rāmaḥ ca vanam āśritaḥ |
na vanam gantum iccāmi sarvathā hi hatā tvayā || 2-61-25
25. tatra = in those three refuges; tvam = you; naiva asi = do not indeed exist; raamastu = Rama on his part; aashritaH = took refuge; vanam = in a forest; na icchaami = I do not wish; gantum = to go; vanam = to the forest; nihataa = I have been mined; sarvathaa = in all ways; tvayaa = b you.
"Among those three refuges, you do not indeed exist. Rama on his part took refuge in a forest and I do not wish to go there. Thus, I have been ruined in all ways, by you."
hatam tvayā rājyam idam sarāṣṭram |
hataḥ tathā ātmā saha mantribhiḥ ca |
hatā saputrā asmi hatāḥ ca paurāḥ |
sutaḥ ca bhāryā ca tava prahṛṣṭau || 2-61-26
26. idam = this; raajyam = kingdom; saraaSTram = along with neighbouring states; hatam = have been ruined; tvayaa = by you; tathaa = and; aatmaa = you yourself; mantribhiH saha = along with ministers; hataaH = have been ruined; saputraasmi = I along with my son; hataa = are ruined; puraashcha = citizens too; hataaH = have got ruined; tavaa = your; sutashcha = son and; bhaaryaa = your wife Kaikeyi = prahR^iSTaa = delight.
"This kingdom along with neighboring states has been ruined by you. You yourself along with ministers have been ruined. I along with my son are ruined. Citizens too are ruined. Your son Bharata and your wife Kaikeyi only are delighted."
imām giram dāruṇa śabda saṃśritām |
niśamya rājā api mumoha duhkhitaḥ |
tataḥ sa śokam praviveśa pārthivaḥ |
svaduṣkṛtam ca api punaḥ tadā asmarat || 2-61-27
27. nishamya = hearing; imaam = this; giram = voice; daaruNa shabda samshritaam = consisting of cruel words; raajaapi = the king also; duhkhitaH = being distress; mumoha = became; disillusioned; tataH = thereafter; paarthivaH = the king; tadaa = then; s;ara; = remembering; smaraH = again; svaduSkR^itam = his own evil act; pravivesha = was entangled in; shokam = grief.
Hearing the aforesaid voice of Kausalya, consisting of her cruel words, the king also being distressed, became disillusioned. Thereafter, the king then looking back on his own evil act, was entangled in grief
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ityārṣe śrīmadrāmāyaṇe ādikāvye ayodhyākāṇḍe ekaṣaṣṭitamaḥ sargaḥ
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© June 2003, K. M. K. Murthy
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