Book IV : Kishkindha Kanda - The Empire of Holy Monkeys
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Hanuma comes forward to leap the ocean at the repeated encouragement given by Jambavanta. Then he increases his physique, fit enough to take a leap, and starts declaring his capabilities, by which the other monkeys feel jubilant. Then Hanuma climbs Mt. Mahendra, by which whole of that mountain is put to turmoil. And he reaches Lanka, instinctually, as he has the speed of Air-god and of the Thought Process, i.e., mano javam, maaruta tulya vegam... Thus, with this chapter this book of Kishkindha Kanda, 'The Empire of Holy Monkeys...' concludes. |
tam d®ÿ÷v˜ j®mbham˜õam te kramitum þata yojanam |
vegena ˜p¨ryam˜õam ca sahas˜ v˜narottamam || 4-67-1
sahas˜ þokam uts®jya praharÿeõa samanvit˜× |
vinedu× tuÿ÷uvu× ca api han¨mantam mah˜balam || 4-67-2
1, 2. shata yojanam kramitum= hundred, yojana [ocean], to cross over; jR^imbhamaaNam= burgeoning; sahasaa= quickly; vegena= progressively; aa puurya maaNam ca= filling up, also [stupendously maximising body]; vaanara uttamam= monkey, the best; mahaabalam= staggeringly, mighty one; hanuumantam= at Hanuma; dR^iSTvaa= on seeing; te= those [the other monkeys]; sahasaa shokam utsR^ijya= instantly, sadness, shunning off; praharSeNa samanvitaaH= jubilance, along with [jubilantly]; vineduH=raved; tuSTuvuH ca api= rhapsodize over, also, even.
On seeing that best monkey Hanuma, who is burgeoning to cross over the hundred yojana-ocean and who is also quickly, progressively, and stupendously maximising his body, the other monkeys instantly shunning off their sadness, raved and rhapsodized over that staggeringly mighty monkey, Hanuma. [4-67-1, 2]
prah®ÿ÷˜ vismit˜× ca api te vŸkÿante samantata× |
trivikrama k®ta uts˜ham n˜r˜yaõam iva praj˜× || 4-67-3
3. samantataH= all over [available]; te= those [monkeys]; pra hR^iSTaa= altogether, buoyed up; vismitaaH ca api= utterly, astounded, also, even; prajaaH= [as with] people; trivikrama kR^ita utsaaham= in Trivikrama [incarnation,] made [when tri-world was trodden by Vishnu,] enthusiastically [as with the enthusiasm then shown by the people]; naaraayaNam iva viikshante= at Narayana, as with, [monkeys] are seeing [at Hanuma.]
Those monkeys available all over there are altogether buoyed up and utterly astounded, and as with the people who have enthusiastically seen Narayana when He maximised His physique to tread the triad of worlds in His Trivikrama incarnation, these monkeys too are looking at Hanuma who is now maximising his body. [4-67-3]
saÕst¨yam˜no hanum˜n vyavardhata mah˜bala× |
sam˜viddhya ca l˜ðg¨lam harÿ˜t balam upeyiv˜n || 4-67-4
4. mahaabalaH= [already an] outmatching one in energy; hanumaan= Hanuma; sam stuuyamaanaH= while being extolled; harSaat= by gladness [owing to extolling]; balam upeyivaan= [added] energy, [Hanuma] on accruing; laanguulam= tail; samaaviddhya [sam aa vidh]= impetuously lashing; vyavardhata [vi a vardh]= outsized himself.
Hanuma who is already an outmatching monkey by way of his energy, has now accrued added energy obtained through the gladness derived by the way of extolment from other monkeys, and then he impetuously lashed his tail and oversized himself. [4-67-4]
tasya saÕst¨yam˜nasya sarvai× vanara puðgavai× |
tejas˜ ˜p¨ryam˜õasya r¨pam ˜sŸt anuttamam || 4-67-5
5. sarvaiH vanara pungavaiH= by all, monkey, chiefs; samstuuyamaanasya=while being eulogised; tejasaa aapuuryamaaNasya= by resplendence, being reinforced; tasya ruupam= his, physique; an uttamam aasiit= not, surpassed, it became.
His physique which is being reinforced with resplendence while all the monkey chiefs are eulogising him has become unsurpassed in its form. [4-67-5]
yath˜ vij®mbhate siÕho viv®te giri gahvare |
m˜rutasya aurasa× putra× tath˜ samprati j®mbhate || 4-67-6
6. vivR^ite= in wide-open [or, spacious]; giri gahvare= in mountain's, in cave / den; simhaH yathaa vijR^imbhate= a lion, as to how, prances about; maarutasya aurasaH putraH= Air-god's, lineal, son; samprati tathaa jR^imbhate= now, like that, prancing around.
Hanuma, the lineal son of Air-god, is now prancing about as with a lion prancing around a wide-open den of a mountain. [4-67-6]
aþobhata mukham tasya j®mbham˜õasya dhŸmata× |
ambarŸÿa upamam dŸptam vidh¨ma iva p˜vaka× || 4-67-7
7. jR^imbhamaaNasya dhiimataH= while he is inflating, of that clever one; tasya mukham= his, face; diiptam= red hot; ambariiSa upamam= frying-pan, in simile; vi dhuuma paavakaH iva= without, fumes, Ritual-fire, like; ashobhata= shone forth.
While he is inflating the face of that clever Hanuma shone forth like a red-hot frying pan and like the fumeless white-hot Ritual-fire. [4-67-7]
harŸõ˜m utthito madhy˜t samprah®ÿ÷a tan¨ ruha× |
abhiv˜dya harŸn v®ddh˜n hanum˜n idam abravŸt || 4-67-8
8. hariiNaam madhyaat utthitaH= from monkeys, from the mid of, on bestirring himself; sam pra hR^iSTa= highly gladdened; tanuu ruhaH= from body, rose [hairs, hair-raising bodied, with a spine-tingling sensation in his body]; hanumaan= Hanuma; vR^iddhaan hariin abhivaadya= elderly, monkeys, on reverencing; idam abraviit= this, said.
On bestirring himself from among the monkeys, and on reverencing the elderly monkeys, Hanuma said this, with a spine-tingling sensation in his body. [4-67-8]
arujan parvata agr˜õi hut˜þana sakho anila× |
balav˜n aprameya× ca v˜yu× ˜k˜þa gocara× || 4-67-9
9. hutaashana sakhaH= Fire-god's, friend; aprameyaH ca= inestimable, also; balavaan= formidable one [in formidableness]; aakaasha gocaraH= in skies, meandering one; anilaH [gamana shiilaH]= expeditious one; vaayuH= Air-god; parvata agraaNi arujan= mountain, tops, [while] toppling down.
"He who is an inestimable one in his formidableness, and an expeditious one in his meandering in the skies, that Air-god who is the friend of Fire-god will be toppling mountaintops...... [4-67-9]
tasya aham þŸghra vegasya þŸghra gasya mah˜tmana× |
m˜rutasya aurasa× putra× plavane ca asmi tat sama× || 4-67-10
10. shiighra vegasya= high, speeded one ; shiighra gasya= brisk, paced one; mahaa aatmanaH [praaNa rakshakaH]== great-souled [life-sustainer]; tasya= his; maarutasya= of Air-god; aurasaH putraH= lineal, son; aham= such as I am; plavane tat samaH asmi= in flight, his [Air-god,] coequal, I am.
"I am the lineal son of that high-speeded, brisk paced, life-sustaining Air-god, hence I am a coequal to him in flights... [4-67-10]
Hanuma narrates many of his capabilities to his fellow monkeys and on listening them Jambavanta blesses him to find Seetha. This is not a self-exaltation but self-assertion of his capabilities. Hence these are to be taken as expressions of strong assertions, rather than a self-eulogy or wishful thinking, and hence it is said here in 'shall I? Do you want me to?' fashion.
utsaheyam hi vistŸrõam ˜likhantam iva ambaram |
merum girim asaðgena parigantum sahasraþa× || 4-67-11
11. vistiirNam= broad; ambaram= [scribing on] sky; aalikhantam iva= scratching [standing like lofty scribe-pawl,] like; merum girim= Meru, mountain; a+ sangena= un, remitting - unremittingly; sahasrashaH= for thousands [of times]; pari gantum= round, to go - circumabulate; utsaheyam hi= I venture to, indeed.
"Indeed shall I venture to go round the Mt. Meru, which is standing like a broad and lofty scribe-pawl scribing on the sky, for thousands of times, that too, unremittingly... [4-67-11]
Annex: 'As none has ventured to measure its circumference nor its height, so far...'
b˜hu vega praõunnena s˜gareõa aham utsahe |
sam˜pl˜vayitum lokam sa parvata nadŸ hradam || 4-67-12
12. aham= I; baahu vega= by [undulating] arm's, speed; pra Nunnena= skewing down [for spiralling waters up]; saagareNa= of ocean; sa parvata nadii hradam= together with, mountains, rivers, lakes; lokam= world; samaaplaavayitum [sam aa plava]= to completely inundate; utsahe= I venture to.
" Or, shall I venture to skew down the ocean with the speed of my undulating arms to spiral up its waters, in order to completely inundate the world together with its mountains, rivers and lakes... [4-67-12]
Annex: 'As none has turned the table of ocean, nor the ocean swam beyond its shoreline in a fashion of misdemeanour, all through the creation, shall I make it so, now...
mama ¨ru jangh˜ vegena bhaviÿyati samutthita× |
samutthita mah˜ gr˜ha× samudro varuõa ˜laya× || 4-67-13
13. varuNa aalayaH samudraH= Rain-god's, abode, ocean; mama uuru janghaa vegena= my, thighs, calves, by speed of; sam utthitaH= shoved up; samutthita mahaa graahaH= shoved up, [will be its,] great, capturers [sharks and the like]; bhaviSyati= happens to be - spilling over.
"Shall I shove up the ocean, the abode of Rain-god, with the speed of my thighs and calves in order that its underwater beings like sharks, alligators and crocodiles will be shoved up and spilled all over... [4-67-13]
Annex: 'unheard is the fact that marine fauna has ever came out onto land... shall I make them come out of it now, and offer as an easy prey to Garuda... as Garuda helps a lot in the Great War with Ravana, in future...
pannaga aþanam ˜k˜þe patantam pakÿi sevitam |
vainateyam aham þakta× parigantum sahasraþa× || 4-67-14
14. pannaga ashanam= viper, diner; pakSi sevitam= birds, one who is adored by [lord of birds]; aakaashe patantam= in sky, when fallen - flying on the sky; vainateyam= [around] Garuda; sahasrashaH= for thousands of [times]; parigantum= to circumambulate; aham shaktaH= I am, capable.
"Shall I make circumambulations for thousands of times around the Lord of Birds and the viper-diner, Garuda, while he is on the wing in the sky... [4-67-14]
Annex: 'unknown is one who can dare to approach or trespass Garuda's flight path, and all the birds slide-slip if He comes into sight... shall I orbit Him now, as he is considerate of me...
uday˜t prasthitam v˜ api jvalantam raþmi m˜linam |
an astamitam ˜dityam abhigantum samutsahe || 4-67-15
tato bh¨mim asaÕsp®ÿ÷v˜ puna× ˜gantum utsahe |
pravegena eva mahat˜ bhŸmena plavagarÿabh˜× || 4-67-16
15-16. plavagarSabhaaH= oh, fly-jumpers, the best; vaa api= or, even; udayaat= from Mt. Udaya [Mt. Sunrise]; prasthitam= started journeying; jvalantam= flaming; rashmi maalinam= [flaming] sunrays, having as a garland of [corona]; aadityam= to Sun; an+astamitam= not, dusked [before sundown]; abhigantum= towards going; utsahe= I venture; tataH= then; bhuumim= land; a +samspR^iSTvaa= without, touching; bhiimena= with astounding [speed]; mahataa= with astonishing; pra vegena= with high, speedily [impetuosity]; punaH= again - revolving around; aagantum= to comeback; samutsahe= I venture to.
"Oh, best fly-jumpers, just by my astounding and astonishing impetuosity shall I venture to start with the Sun who starts his journey of the day from Mt. Sunrise, and shall I go to Mt. Dusk before Sun, and again shall I venture to comeback even before the sundown towards the same day's flaming Sun when he is garlanded with flaming sunrays around him in midday, that too without my touching the land... [4-67-15, 16]
utsaheyam atikr˜ntum sarv˜n ˜k˜þa gocar˜n |
s˜garam þoÿayiÿy˜mi d˜rayiÿy˜mi medinŸm || 4-67-17
17. aakaasha go caraan= sky, way, wayfarers; sarvaan= all of them; atikraantum= to overtake; utsaheyam= I venture to; saagaram shoSayiSyaami= ocean, I wish to dry up; mediniim daarayiSyaami= earth, I wish to pare off.
"Shall I overtake all the wayfarers in skyway, or shall I parch down the ocean, or pare off the earth... [4-67-17]
These capabilities of these vanara-s are already said in Bala Kanda, as their congenital capabilities as at 1-17-27: 'They can also speedily agitate the Lord of Rivers, the Ocean...tear off the ground with their two feet, and can leap great oceans...'
parvat˜n c¨rõaÿy˜mi plavam˜na× plavaðgam˜× |
hariÿy˜mi ¨ru vegena plavam˜no mah˜arõavam || 4-67-18
18. plavangamaaH= oh, fly-jumpers; plavamaanaH= while fly-jumping; parvataan cuurNaSyaami= mountains, I wish to pulverise; plavamaanaH= while I fly over; uuru vegena= by my thigh's, speed; mahaaarNavam= great ocean [hariSyaami]= I wish to expropriate - wish to deplete.
"Or, shall I pulverise the mountains while fly-jumping on them, or oh, fly-jumpers, shall I splash out the waters great ocean just by the speed of my thighs while I fly over it, by which all of its water will trail after my tail... [4-67-18]
lat˜n˜m vividh˜m puÿpam p˜dap˜n˜m ca sarvaþa× |
anuy˜syati m˜m adya plavam˜nam vih˜yas˜ || 4-67-19
bhaviÿyati hi me panth˜× sv˜te× panth˜ iva ambare |
19. adya= now; vihaayasaa plavamaanam= by sky, while I fly; maam= me; lataanaam paadapaanaam ca= of [every] climbing plants, of trees, also; vividhaam= divers; puSpam= flower; sarvashaH= from all over; anuyaasyati= straggle after me; then; ambare= in sky; me panthaaH= my, [flight] path; will be like that of; svaateH panthaa iva= Star Swati's, path, like; bhaviSyati hi= it will be, indeed.
"Or, shall I now let divers flowers of every climbing plant and tree straggle after me when I fly by the sky... then my flight path will become like that of Star Swati and its constellate stars twinkling in the sky... [4-67-19]
Annex: 'these flowers pay a floral tribute to my flight as a bon voyage... would you like to see it now...' The star Swati is Arcuturus, as forming the 13th and 15th lunar asterism, and esteemed as deity bringing fresh rains and thereby crops. Hence, this adventure of Hanuma will yield crops in finding Seetha.
carantam ghoram ˜k˜þam utpatiÿyantam eva ca || 4-67-20
drakÿyanti nipatantam ca sarva bh¨t˜ni v˜nar˜× |
20b, 21b. vaanaraaH= oh, vanara-s; ghoram aakaasham= in terrible [vast of,] sky; ut pati Syantam eva ca= falling up [ascent on northern side,] even, also; carantam= while going [while I am in movement across the sky]; nipatantam ca= falling down [descent on southern side]; sarva bhuutaani= all, beings; drakSyanti= shall see.
"Oh, vanara-s, shall I make all beings see my northerly ascent to the sky, my movement across the vast of sky, and my southerly descent from the sky... [4-67-20b, 21a]
mah˜ meru pratŸk˜þam m˜m drakÿyadhvam plavaðgam˜×
|| 4-67-21
divam ˜v®tya gacchantam grasam˜nam iva ambaram |
21b, 22a. plavangamaaH= oh, fly-jumpers; mahaa meru pratiikaasham= a prodigious one, to Mt. Meru, similar in shine - such as I am; divam aavR^itya= sky, spanning on; gacChantam= while going [a propulsive force]; ambaram grasamaanam iva= sky, to swallow up, as though; maam drakSyadhvam= me, you shall see.
"Oh, fly-jumpers, shall I show you a prodigious me spanning the sky like massive Mt. Meru and flying with a propulsive force as though to swallow the sky... [4-67-21b, 22a]
Annex: 'so far you have seen one massive Mt. Meru swallowing a bit of sky with its massy peak... but I will be a flying mountain and I will swallow all of the sky, not only with a mountainy peak but with a mountainous base, as well...'
vidhamiÿy˜mi jŸm¨t˜n kampayiÿy˜mi parvat˜n |
s˜garam þoÿayiÿy˜mi plavam˜na× sam˜hita× || 4-67-22
22b, 22c. samaahitaH= self-assuredly; plavamaanaH= while flying; jiimuutaan= clouds [cloudscape]; vi dhamiSyaami= verily, swipe at [helter-skelter]; parvataan kampa yiSyaami= mountains, I wish to swirl, [topsy-turvy]; saagaram shoSayiSyaami= ocean, I wish to sere.
"While flying self-assuredly shall I swipe at the cloudscape helter-skelter, or shall I swirl the mountains topsy-turvy, or shall I sere the ocean pell-mell... [4-67-22b, 22c]
Annex: 'all can be done not individually, but I do it all at a time, in my gustily alacritous single flight...
vainateyasya v˜ þakti× mama v˜ m˜rutasya v˜ |
®te suparõa r˜j˜nam m˜rutam v˜ mah˜balam |
na tat bh¨tam prapaþy˜mi yat m˜m plutam anuvrajet || 4-67-23
23. vainateyasya vaa= of Garuda, or; maarutasya vaa= of Air-god, or; [yaa] shaktiH= [which,] forcefulness - is there to them; [saa ] mama= [that forcefulness,] I have [mine vies with them]; plutam maam= while flying, me; yat bhuutam= which, being; anuvrajet= follow up on; tat= that - such a being; suparNa raajaanam= eagle's, king; mahaabalam maarutam vaa= great mighty, Air-god, or; R^ite= except for - those two; na prapashyaami= not, I see [intangible.]
"Which forcefulness either the Divine Eagle, Garuda, or Air-god has, mine vies with that... and no being is tangible who can follow up on me to overtake while I am on the wing, excepting for the king of eagles, Garuda and the almighty Air-god... [4-67-23]
Here the anu vrjet 'follow up on me...' is not straggling after me...' but 'who can follow me to overtake me in the race...' Hence 'many can follow me but it can be called, a treading after me, as none can surpass me in my speed...'
nimeÿa antara m˜treõa nir˜lambanam ambaram |
sahas˜ nipatiÿy˜mi ghan˜t vidyut iva utthit˜ || 4-67-24
24. ghanaat utthitaa= from black-cloud, uprisen; vidyut iva= electric-flash, as with; nimeSa antara maatreNa= a minute, within, just by [in a split-second]; sahasaa= in a trice; nir aalambanam ambaram= without, support [supportless,] sky; nipatiSyaami= I wish to fall onto - such a sky.
"Shall I penetrate the supportless sky in a split-second, like an electric-flash rocketing from a black-cloud in a trice? [4-67-24]
bhaviÿyati hi me r¨pam plavam˜nasya s˜garam |
viÿõo× prakramam˜õasya tad˜ trŸn vikram˜n iva || 4-67-25
25. saagaram plavamaanasya= ocean, while jumping over; me ruupam= my, aspect; tadaa= then [in those days]; triin vikramaan= with three, paces; pra krama maaNasya viSNoH iva= easily, pacing [three worlds,] Vishnu's, like that of; [adya= now]; bhaviSyati hi= will become, indeed.
"When I am jumping over the ocean, now my aspect will indeed become like that of Vishnu who in those days easily paced the triad of worlds just in three paces... [4-67-25]
buddhy˜ ca aham prapaþy˜mi mana× ceÿ÷˜ ca me tath˜ |
aham drakÿy˜mi vaidehŸm pramodadhvam plavaðgam˜× || 4-67-26
26. plavangamaaH= oh, fly-jumpers; aham= I am; buddhyaa ca prapashyaami= by percipience, also, clearly perceiving; me manaH ceSTaa ca= by my, perspicacity's, strokes [different strokes like twitches of eyes and arms, etc., forebodings]; tathaa= is like that - similarly prognostic; aham drakSyaami vaidehiim= I [avouch that I] will, descry, Vaidehi; pramodadhvam= rejoice yourselves.
"Oh, fly-jumpers, I am clearly perceiving by my percipience and the different strokes of my perspicacity are similarly prognostic... and I avouch that I will descry Vaidehi... hence, rejoice yourselves... [4-67-26]
m˜rutasya samo vege garuýasya samo jave |
ayutam yojan˜n˜m tu gamiÿy˜mi iti me mati× || 4-67-27
27. vege maarutasya samaH= in speed, Air-god, equal to; jave garuDasya samaH= in fleetness, Garuda, coequal to; yojanaanaam ayutam tu= yojana-s, ten-thousand, even; gamiSyaami= I can traverse; iti me matiH= thus, my, certitude is.
"I who am a coequal of Air-god in speediness, and of Garuda in fleetness, can traverse ten-thousand yojana-s at a stretch... that is my certitude... [4-67-27]
v˜savasya sa vajrasya brahmaõo v˜ svayambhuva× |
vikramya sahas˜ hast˜t am®tam tat iha ˜naye || 4-67-28
laðk˜m v˜ api samutkÿipya gaccheyam iti me mati× |
28, 29a. vikramya= on spring up; sa vajrasya vaasavasya= one who is - with, Thunderbolt, of Indra - either; svayam bhuvaH brahmaNaH vaa= Self-created, Brahma, or; hastaat= from [their] hand; sahasaa= fleetly; amR^itam= Elixir; iha aanaye= to here, I fetch; lankaam= Lanka [island itself]; samutkSipya [sam up kshipya]= on upheaving - extracting it from ocean; gacCheyam= go away - I can bring; iti me matiH= thus, my, mind [confidence.]
"I will fetch that Elixir from the hands of Self-created Brahma, or from hands of Indra even if he is wielding his Thunderbolt just on fleetly triumphing over him... or, I can even bring isle of Lanka itself extracting it from the ocean... thus is my confidence..." So said Hanuma to other monkeys. [4-67-28]
tam evam v˜nara þreÿ÷ham garjantam amita prabham ||
4-67-29
prah®ÿ÷˜ haraya× tatra samudaikÿanta vismit˜× |
29b, 30a. tatra= therein [the matter of leaping the ocean]; evam= that way; garjantam= one who is roaring out [his capabilities]; amita prabham= one with illimitable, resplendence; tam vaanara shreSTham= at him, that vanara, the choicest one; harayaH= monkeys; prahR^iSTaa= extremely gladdened; vismitaaH= stunned; samudaikshanta [sam ud iiksha]= stared upward [for he increased his body enormously.]
While that choicest vanara with illimitable resplendence, namely Hanuma, is roaring out his capabilities in the matter of leaping ocean on enormously increasing his physique, all the other monkeys are stunned to stare overhead at his aggrandized form and thus they are extremely gladdened.. [4-67-29b]
tat ca asya vacanam þrutv˜ jñ˜tŸn˜m þoka n˜þanam ||
4-67-30
uv˜ca parisaÕh®ÿ÷o j˜mbav˜n plavageþvara× |
29b, 30a. asya= his [Hanuma's]; tat= that; j~naatiinaam shoka naashanam vacanam= kinsmen's, anguish, annihilating, word [avouchment of Hanuma]; shrutvaa= on hearing; plavageshvaraH= fly-jumper's, king; jaambavaan= Jambavanta; pari sam hR^iSTaH= very, much, gladdened; uvaaca= [and] said.
On hearing the avouchment of Hanuma, which itself is an annihilator of the anguish of his kinsmen, then the king of fly-jumpers Jambavanta is very much gladdened and said. [4-67-29b, 30a]
vŸra kesariõa× putra vegavan m˜ruta ˜tmaja || 4-67-31
jñ˜tŸn˜m vipula× þoka× tvay˜ t˜ta praõ˜þita× |
3b, 31a. viira= oh, brave one; kesariNaH putra= oh, Kesari's, son; vegavan= oh, speediest one; maaruta aatmaja= oh, Air-god's, son; taata= oh, dear boy; tvayaa= by you; j~naatiinaam= for kinsmen; vipulaH shokaH= boundless, bother; praNaashitaH= entirely wiped out.
"Oh, brave one, oh, son of Kesari, oh, son of Air-god, oh, dear boy, you have wiped out the boundless bother of your kinsmen in its entirety... [4-67-30b, 31a]
tava kaly˜õa rucaya× kapi mukhy˜× sam˜gat˜× ||
4-67-32
maðgalam k˜rya siddhi artham kariÿyanti sam˜hit˜× |
31b, 32a. tava kalyaaNa rucayaH= in your, blessedness [the enjoyment of divine favour,] enamoured of; samaagataaH kapi mukhyaaH= who forgathered [here,] monkey, leaders; samaahitaaH= devoutly; kaarya siddhi artham= object, for attainment, for the purpose of; mangalam kariSyanti= benedictions [orisons,] they will do [they all obsecrate.]
"The monkey leaders forgathered here are enamoured of your blessedness, and for the purpose of your attainment of the object, they all obsecrate orisons, devoutly... [4-67-31b, 32a]
®ÿŸõ˜m ca pras˜dena kapi v®ddha matena ca || 4-67-33
gur¨õ˜m ca pras˜dena plavasva tvam mah˜arõavam |
32b-33b. R^iSiiNaam prasaadena= of sages, by compassion; kapi vR^iddha matena ca= of monkey, elders, by choice, also; guruuNaam prasaadena ca= of [oracular] teachers, by consideration, also; tvam mahaaarNavam plavasva= you, extensive, ocean, you leap.
"You will leap over the extensive ocean with the compassion of sages, choice of elderly monkeys, and with the consideration of our oracular teachers... [4-67-32b, 33a]
The course he adopts in jumping over ocean is that of siddha-s, caarana-s who are teacherly, and by these references of Jambavanta, Hanuma is going to perform a teacherly mission in teaching Seetha, about the relativity of soul-body-supreme, in Sundara Kanda.
sth˜sy˜ma× ca eka p˜dena y˜vat ˜gamanam tava ||
4-67-34
tvat gat˜ni ca sarveÿ˜m jŸvit˜ni vana okas˜m |
33b, 34a. tava aagamanam yaavat= your, arrival, until; eka paadena sthaasyaamaH= on single, foot, we stay [here]; sarveSaam vana okasaam jiivitaani= of all, forest, dwellers, lives; tvat gataani ca= at you, reached - they are following you, also.
"Each of us will stay here on one's own single-foot till you arrive, as the lives of all the forest dwelling monkeys are following you..." Thus Jambavanta blessed Hanuma to initiate action. [4-67-33b, 34a]
Annex: 'we stand in a yogic posture of standing on a single-foot, as though in ascesis, awaiting your successful arrival, as all our lives are now accompanying you... and it is apt of you to comeback successfully and return our lives to us... so that we have a breather...'
tata× ca hari þ˜rd¨la× t˜n uv˜ca vana okasa× ||
4-67-35
ko api loke na me vegam plavane dh˜rayiÿyati |
34b, 35a. tataH= then; hari shaarduulaH= monkey, the tiger [Hanuma]; taan vana okasaH uvaaca= them, forest, dwellers, said to; loke plavane= in world, in flying; me vegam= my, speed [brunt of bouncing]; kaH api= whosoever, even; na dhaarayiSyati= cannot, [possibly] bear.
Then that tigerly monkey Hanuma said to the forest dwelling monkeys, "Even so, in this world whosoever he might be, either animate or inanimate being, he cannot possibly bear the brunt of my bouncing... [4-67-34b, 35a]
This verse ordinarily means, 'who is he who can bear the brunt of my take-off...' It also means that 'there is someone who can bear it, he is Rama...' as per the analogy of a Vedic hymn that says, kasmai devaaya haviSaa vidhema 'to which god we oblate... as none is manifest...' For this Adi Shankara says eka asmai devaaya haviSaa vidhema because this hymn misses one è - èkaaratva lopena 'to that single Almighty we offer oblations...' Here too Hanuma is allusively referring to Rama, 'except for Rama who is other who can possibly do so...'
et˜ni hi nagasya asya þil˜ saðka÷a þ˜lina× ||
4-67-36
þikhar˜õi mahendrasya sthir˜õi ca mah˜nti ca |
35b, 36a. shilaa sankaTa shaalinaH= with boulders, altitudinal cliffs, beaming forth; asya= of this; mahendrasya nagasya= of Mt. Mahendra, mountain's; etaani shikharaaNi= these, crests; sthiraaNi ca= tough, also; mahaanti ca hi= towering, even, indeed.
"This Mt. Mahendra is beaming forth with boulders and altitudinal cliffs, and the crests of this mountain are indeed tough, and even towering... [4-67-35b, 36a]
yeÿu vegam gamiÿy˜mi mahendra þikhareÿu aham || 4-67-37
n˜n˜ druma vikŸrõeÿu dh˜tu niÿpanda þobhiÿu |
36b, 37a. naanaa druma vikiirNeSu= divers, trees, outspreaded with; dhaatu niSpanda shobhiSu= from ores, transuded [from mountain's interstices,] shining forth; yeSu mahendra shikhareSu= in these, Mt. Mahendra's, in peaks; aham vegam gamiSyaami= I, into speed, I go [I gain speed for my kick-start.]
"Diversely outspreaded are its trees, and divers are its transuding ores, thus this mountain is shining forth... hence, from the peaks of this Mt. Mahendra I will gain speed for my kick-start... [4-67-36b, 37a]
et˜ni mama vegam hi þikhar˜õi mah˜nti ca || 4-67-38
plavato dh˜rayiÿyanti yojan˜n˜m ita× þatam |
37b, 38a. itaH= from here; yojanaanaam shatam= yojana-s, hundred; plavataH= while [on the verge] to fly [in upstart]; mama= of mine; vegam= speed [impetus of kick start]; mahaanti ca= sturdy, also; etaani shikharaaNi= these, crags; dhaarayiSyanti hi= can withstand, for sure.
"On the verge of my upstart from here for a hundred yojana-s, these sturdy crags are sure to withstand the impetus of that kick-start... [4-67-37b, 38a]
'Are these monologues self-extolling or are they for encouraging the monkeys who are on the verge of self-ruin...' is an objection ex parte. For this it is said 'a combatant's self-eulogy is no self-eulogy at all, but what all said by him will come under the category of 'war whooping or battle crying...' na anvatra hanumat˜ ˜tma stuti× k®ta iti pratip˜ditam | tacca anupapannam - ˜tma praþaÕs˜ para garh˜m iti varjayet iti - ˜pastamba s¨treõa ˜tma stute× niÿiddhaty˜ mah˜ puruÿeõa hanumat˜ tat k˜raõa sambhav˜t iti cet na - ˜tma stute× vŸra v˜datvena adoÿatatv˜t - vŸra v˜da r¨pay˜ ˜tma stute adoÿatvam - iti v˜nar˜n prots˜hayan bala mardino jan˜rdana iva prav®ddha kalevaro hanum˜n aðgada j˜mbavabhi anujñay˜ r˜vaõa mandira darþana kut¨halena mahendra girim ˜ruroha || dharm˜k¨tam Thus Hanuma climbs Mt. Mahendra.
tata× tu m˜ruta prakhya× sa hari× m˜ruta ˜tmaja× |
˜ruroha naga þreÿ÷ham mahndram arimardama× || 4-67-39
v®tam n˜n˜ vidhai× puÿpai× m®ga sevita þ˜dvalam |
lat˜ kusuma samb˜dham nitya puÿpa phala drumam || 4-67-40
siÕha þ˜rd¨la caritam matta m˜taðga sevitam |
matta dvija gaõa ud dhuÿ÷am salila utpŸýa saðkulam || 4-67-41
39, 40, 41. tataH= then; maaruta prakhyaH= Air-god, renowned as [as an alternative Air-god, selfsame to]; maaruta aatmajaH= Air-god's, son; arinardamaH= enemy-subjugator; saH hariH= such as he is, that monkey - Hanuma; naanaa vidhaiH puSpaiH= diverse, kinds, of flowers; vR^itam= hedged in [that mountain is]; mR^iga sevita shaadvalam= by deer, adored by [sweethearts,] pastures; lataa kusuma sambaadham= climber's, flowers of, constrictive; nitya puSpa phala drumam= always [ever,] flowering, fruiting, trees - having; simha shaarduula caritam= lions, tigers, freely moving; matta maatanga sevitam= ruttish, elephants, adore [love it]; matta dvija gaNa ut dhuSTam= lusty, bird, flights, up, roaring [tr. say, sing, or utter (words, an oath, etc.) in a loud tone; uproarious]; salila= waters; ut piiDa= up, pent [pent-up with rapids]; sankulam= clangourous [with rapids]; such a; naga shreSTham= mountain, best [towering]; mahendram= Mt. Mahendra; aaruroha= he shinned up.
Then that monkey who is the son of Air-god and a selfsame of Air-god shinned up that towering mountain Mahendra, as he is an enemy-subjugator about to subjugate the arch rival Ravana, where that mountain is hedged in with diverse flowers, its pastures are the sweethearts of deer, it is constrictive with diverse flowers of ever flowering, ever fruiting trees and with the flowers of climbers as well, and where lions and tigers are freely moving and ruttish elephants love it, and where the flights of birds are uproarious, and pent-up rapids are clangourous. [4-67-39, 40, 41]
mahadbhi× ucchritam þ®ngai× mahendram sa mah˜bala× |
vicac˜ra hariþreÿ÷ho mahendra s˜ma vikrama× || 4-67-42
42. mahendra saama vikramaH= [heavenly] Mahendra, equal, in valour; mahaabalaH= highly energetic one; harishreSThaH= grand monkey Hanuma; mahadbhiH shR^ingaiH ucChritam= with loftiest, crags, towery; saH= he / that / such a mountain; mahendram vicacaara= on Mahendra, ambled.
He who is equal in valour to the Paradisiacal Mahendra, that highly energetic and grand monkey Hanuma ambled on loftiest and towery crags of such a mountain. [4-67-42]
b˜hubhy˜m pŸýita× tena mah˜þailo mah˜tman˜ |
rar˜sa siÕha abhihato mah˜n matta iva dvipa× || 4-67-43
43. mahaatmanaa= by high souled one; tena= by him that Hanuma; baahubhyaam piiDitaH= by both arms [and hands,] squeezed; mahaashailaH= lofty mountain; simha abhihataH= by lion, paw-hit; matta mahaan dvipaH iva= brutish, elephantine, elephant, as if; raraasa= trumpeted.
When squeezed by both the arms and hands of that high souled Hanuma, that lofty mountain trumpeted, as if it is a lion-paw-hit brutish-elephantine-elephant. [4-67-43]
Some mms use the word padbhyaam 'by feet...' instead of baahubhyaam 'by arms and hands...' where mountaineering is basically done firstly with hands, and where the foothold comes later. And this padbhyaam can be ellipted in next verse.
mumoca salila utpŸý˜n viprakŸrõa þilouccaya× |
vitrasta m®ga m˜taðga× prakampita mah˜ druma× || 4-67-44
44. [padbhyaam= by his foot-stepping] vi pra kiirNa= virtually, widely, bestrewn; shila uccayaH= boulders, heaps of; vi trasta mR^iga maatangaH= actually, scared, [all] animals, elephants; pra kampita mahaa drumaH= essentially, rocked, gigantic, trees; salila utpiiDaan mumoca= water [as waterfalls,] of rapids, spouted out.
Virtually and widely bestrewn are the heaps of boulders, essentially scared are all the animals and elephants, and actually rocked are the gigantic trees, and its rapids and waterfalls have spouted out of that mountain by the impact of foot-stepping of Hanuma. [4-67-44]
n˜n˜gandharvamithunairp˜nasaÕsargakarkaþai× |
utpatadbhirvihaðgaiþcavidy˜dharagaõairapi - yadv˜ -
n˜n˜ gandharva mithunai× p˜na saÕsarga karkaþai× |
ut patadbhi× vihaðgai× ca vidy˜dhara gaõai× api || 4-67-45
tyajyam˜na mah˜ s˜nu× sannilŸna mah˜ uraga× |
þaila þ®nga þil˜ utp˜ta× tad˜ abh¨t sa mah˜ giri× || 4-67-46
45, 46. tadaa= then; saH mahaa giriH= that, colossal, mountain; mahaa saanuH= lofty, cliffs; paana= in drinking; sansarga= indulged in; karkashaiH= inebriated; naanaa gandharva mithunaiH= numerous, with gandharva-s, with couples; ut patadbhiH= up, falling [put to flight]; vihangaiH ca= with birds, also; vidyaadharaa gaNaiH api= with vidyaadharaa, with hordes of, even; tyajyamaana= being forsaken; sam niliina mahaa uragaH= completely, slouched, spanking, snakes; shaila shR^inga= mountain's, tops; shilaa ut paataH= stones, rising up, falling down; abhuut= have became [desolated.]
Then, the numerous gandharva couples and the hoards of vidhyaadhara-s even, that are indulged in drinking and inebriated on that mountain are forsaking those lofty cliffs of that mountain, and even the birds are put to flight, spanking snakes are completely slouching, and rising up and falling down are the stones of that mountaintops to each step of Hanuma, and thus that colossal mountain is desolated. [4-67-45, 46]
ni×þvasadbhistad˜taitubhujagairardhani×s®tai× |
sapat˜kaiv˜bh˜tisatad˜dharaõŸdhara× || - yadv˜ -
ni×þvasadbhi× tad˜ tai× tu bhujagai× ardha ni×s®tai× |
sa pat˜ka iva ˜bh˜ti sa tad˜ dharaõŸ dhara× || 4-67-47
47. tadaa= then; saH dharaNii dharaH= he, earth, borne [Mt. Mahendra]; niH shvasadbhiH= out, breathing [exhaling, hissing]; ardha niH sR^itaiH= half, out, came [popped up]; taiH bhujagaiH= by those, with snakes; sa pataaka iva aabhaati tadaa= with, [flying] flags, appeared to be, gleaming, that way.
With snakes popping up halfway through their snake-pits with their hoods swaying and tongues hissing that earth-borne mountain Mahendra appeared to be a gleaming mountain with flying flags. [4-67-47]
Vividly: The snakes popped up from the snake pit only with half of their body, ready to slither away if Hanuma treads them underfoot. The flutters of a flags are the hissings of snakes and swaying of hoods are the waving flags, and numerous are those snaky-flags, and equally numerous are their colours, and with them the mountain itself is with flying colours.
®ÿibhitr˜sasambhr˜ntaistyajyam˜naþþiloccaya× - yadv˜
-
®ÿibhi× tr˜sa sambhr˜ntai× tyajyam˜na× þil˜ uccaya× |
sŸdan mahati k˜nt˜re s˜rtha hŸna iva adhva ga× || 4-67-48
48. traasa sambhraantaiH R^iSibhiH= by scare, bewildered, by sages; tyajya maanaH= being forsaken; shilaa uccayaH= mountain, towering; sa artha hiina= with, one's associates, without [desolated]; mahati kaantaare= in vast, of thick of forest; siidan= wilting; adhva gaH iva= way, farer [like,] appeared to be.
While the sages are forsaking that towering mountain as their own scare bewildering them, that mountain appeared to be one who is desolated by his associates in the vast of a thick of forest, as a wilting wayfarer. [4-67-48]
sa vegav˜n vega sam˜hita ˜tm˜
hari pravŸra× para vŸra hant˜ |
mana× sam˜dh˜ya mah˜anubh˜vo
jag˜ma laðk˜m manas˜ manasvŸ || 4-67-49
49. vegavaan= expeditious one; vega samaahita aatmaa= in speediness, quite staid, with a soul; para viira hanta= other [enemy,] stalwart, eliminator; manasvii= a conscientious one; mahaaanubhaavaH= highly, proficient one; saH= he that; hari pra viiraH= among monkeys, importantly, brave one [Hanuma]; manaH samaadhaaya= impulses, on stabilising; manasaa lankaam jagaama= instinctually, to Lanka, went to - made headway.
And he who is an importantly brave monkey among all the monkeys, an eliminator of enemy stalwarts, that highly proficient, expeditious, and conscientious Hanuma, on stabilising his impulses and making soul is quite staid in speediness, he made head away to Lanka, instinctually. [4-67-49]
.
Why give credit to Hanuma's flight?
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It may look oddish in narrating this chapter, only to eulogise the effort of Hanuma in taking a flight over the ocean, when the oldish-girlish-hottish Shurpanakha is easily taking flights across ocean with or without visa. Or even that stooge of Ravana, namely Akampana, who rushes to Ravana to carry the news of annihilation of Khara, Dushana and others, and he even comes to Ravana before Shurpanakha crossing ocean without difficulty. However, Ravana is the lone one who uses a chariot-like aircraft that brays like a supersonic jet. In such a case an objection is raised in questioning - 'are they not speedier than Hanuma? ' It is not so, it is said, the effort and preparation of Hanuma are on the level of earthly beings, whereas the artifice of Ravana with tricks and trickery, with more tricky and technical aircrafts of demons, is an infra-mundane action, if not witchery and wizardry. No doubt, Ravana's machines and vehicles are the derivatives of Atharvana Veda, but they are all counterproductive, revulsive, and phobic to the wellbeing of society. Uncongenial to atmosphere and thus unwelcome stratagems. And here it is said by Hanuma, one to too many times 'I will do it by the speed of my arms, thighs and calves...' etc., which itself is reflective of his innate, inherent, personal traits, talents, and capabilities, than more technical or contrived paraphernalia of the demons. Hence, Hanuma is identified as a self-assured, self-active, self-propelling dedicatee to duty, and his flight is on a separate footing.
iti v˜lmŸki r˜m˜yaõe ˜di k˜vye kiÿkindha k˜õýe sapta ÿaÿ÷itama× sarga×
Thus, this is the 66th, and conclusive chapter of Kishkindha Kanda of Valmiki Ramayana, the First Epic poem of India.
þrŸrastu
All Be Blest
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© April, 2003, Desiraju Hanumanta Rao [Revised : January 05]