Book III : Aranya Kanda - The Forest Trek
After the heavenward journey of Sage Sharabhanga, Rama is approached by others sages and hermits. They inform him about the atrocities of demons around that place. They all ask Rama to eradicate the menace and Rama avows to do so, in order to keep up the tranquillity of those hermitages, and also to obliterate the menace of demons from earth. |
þarabhaðge divam pr˜pte muni saðgh˜× sam˜gat˜× |
abhyagacchanta k˜kutstham r˜mam jvalita tejasam || 3-6-1
1. sharabhange divam praapte= Sage Sharabhanga, heaven, on attaining; muni sanghaaH samaagataaH= sages, groups, assembled; abhyagacChanta= approached; kaakutstham= the one from Kakutstha dynasty; raamam= Rama; jvalita tejasam= glowing with resplendence.
On Sage Sharabhanga attaining heaven, groups of sages assembled and approached Rama of Kakutstha dynasty, who is glowing with resplendence. [3-6-1]
vaikh˜nas˜ v˜lakhily˜× samprakÿ˜l˜ marŸcip˜× |
aþma ku÷÷˜× ca bahava× patra ˜h˜r˜× ca t˜pas˜× || 3-6-2
2. vaikhaanasaa= sages born out of the nails of Prajaapati; vaalakhilyaaH= born from Prajaapati's hair; sam prakshaalaa= from His feet-wash; mariichi paaH= rays of sun and moon, drinkers; ashma kuTTaaH ca= by stone, pound grains, also; bahavaH= many of them; patra aahaaraaH ca= leave-eaters, also; taapasaaH= sages.
The sages called Vaikahanasa-s, [who are born out of the nails of Prajaapati, the first ruler of mankind,] also Vaalakhilyaa-s, [those born from His hair,] and those from the water of His feet-wash, and those that thrive on drinking rays of sun and moon alone, and those that pound with stones and others who thrive on leaves alone, are those sages... [3-6-2]
The samprakshaala are kind of sages said be washing their interior body with water, a yogic measure called dhouli prakriya , and also otherwise attributed to wash their vessels after a meal, without preserving any food for the next meal, for god would automatically give their daily bread. The sages called ashma kuTTa, are that kind of sages who pound their bodies with stones, and thus they pound grain with stones.
danta ul¨khalina× ca eva tath˜ eva unmajjak˜× pare |
g˜tra þayy˜ aþayy˜× ca tath˜ eva anavak˜þik˜× || 3-6-3
3. danta uluukhalinaH ca eva= teeth, grind-stones, like [use their own teeth to grind the grain]; tatha eva= like that; unmajjakaaH= neck deep in water [they perform ascesis]; pare= others; gaatra shayyaa= sleeper on their own shoulders or chest; a + shayyaaH ca= no, beds, also; tathaa eva= like that; an avakaashakaaH= sages without any repose.
Some of them use their own teeth to grid the grain they eat, and some who perform ascesis in neck-deep water, and some who sleep with their head resting on their shoulders or on chests without using any kind of bed, and some who do not use any kind of beds either, and some who meditate without any repose sitting in an enclosure without any leg-space. [3-6-3]
munaya× salila ˜h˜r˜ v˜yu bhakÿ˜× tath˜ apare |
˜k˜þa nilay˜× ca eva tath˜ sthaõýila þ˜yina× || 3-6-4
4. munayaH= sages; salila aahaaraa= water, as food; vaayu bhakshaaH= air, as food; tathaa= like that; apare= and some more; aakaasha nilayaaH ca= in air, standing, also; eva tathaa= thus, then; sthandila shaayinaH= on ground, sleeping.
And some sages whose food is water alone, or air alone to some, like that some who meditate staying in sky and some who sleep on bare ground itself. [3-6-4]
tath˜ ¨rthva v˜sina× d˜nt˜× tath˜ ˜rdra pa÷a v˜sasa× |
sa jap˜× ca tapo nity˜× tath˜ pañca tapo'nvit˜× || 3-6-5
5. tathaa= thus; uurthva vaasinaH= high-peak, dwellers; daantaaH= controlled senses; tathaa= thus; aardra paTa vaasasaH= wet, cloths, wearers; sa japaaH ca= with, recitation, also; tapaH nityaaH= meditate, always; tathaa= like that; panca tapaH anvitaaH= in five kinds of fire, meditating.
Thus some are dwellers on high-peaked places with their senses controlled, and some are wearers of wet cloths, always reciting name or hymn japa and like that some who meditate with five kinds of fire around them. [3-6-5]
sarve br˜hmy˜ þriy˜ jyukt˜ d®ýha yoga sam˜hit˜× |
þarabhaðga ˜þrame r˜mam abhijagmu× ca t˜pas˜× || 3-6-6
6. sarve= all; braahmyaa= of Brahma, i.e., of Vedic; shriyaa yuktaa= resplendence, with; dR^iDha yoga samaahitaaH= firm, yogic control, having; sharabhanga aashrame= in Sharabhanga hermitage; raamam= for Rama; abhijagmuH ca= arrived, also; taapasaaH= sages.
All have Vedic resplendence and firm yogic control, and they have arrived at the hermitage of Sage Sharabhanga for Rama. [3-6-6]
abhigamya ca dharmajñ˜ r˜mam dharma bh®t˜m varam |
¨cu× parama dharmajñam ®ÿi saðgh˜× sam˜gat˜× || 3-6-7
7. dharmaj~naaH= virtuous sages; R^iSi sanghaaH= sage, groups;. samaahitaaH= coming together; dharma bhR^itaam varam= virtue beholder, the best, at Rama [also dharma= bow; bhR^itam= wielder; varam= the best]; parama dharmaj~nam= the supreme in virtue; raamam= at Rama; abhi gamya ca= nearly approaching, also; uucuH= said;
Those virtuous sages coming together in groups neared Rama, the best beholder of virtue, and said to that supreme one in virtue. [3-6-7]
The word abhi gamya is nearly approaching, coming nearby, at a destination that is Rama. The Omni-Luminescent, , emerged in Kakutstha dynasty as Rama. Knowing that, all the sages of higher knowledge have arrived at their 'destination' in this mortal world itself... Maheshvara Tirtha.
tvam ikÿv˜ku kulasya asya p®thivy˜× ca mah˜ratha× |
pradh˜na× ca api n˜tha× ca dev˜n˜m maghav˜n iva || 3-6-8
8. mahaarathaH= being great charioteer in battlefields / Supreme Charioteer of Universe; tvam ikSvaaku kulasya naathaH= you are, Ikshvaku, dynasty, [not only] the protector; asya pR^ithivyaaH ca= to this, earth, also; devaanaam maghavaan iva= for gods, Indra, as with; [tvam= you are]; pradh[but also the] aanaH api ca= leader / protector, shelterer, even, also.
"You are the supreme charioteer born in Ikshvaku dynasty hence you are the protector of earth under your control. As with Indra, the ruler of divinities you are a similar ruler for us. [3-6-8]
Or
Though born in Ikshvaku dynasty you are the Supreme Charioteer, hence you are the same Supreme Charioteer of this Earth and earthlings too, as with Indra who protects divinities, you are our protector.
We have not heard of any chariot or horse being utilised by Rama, let alone in some episodes of his student days, because he is more a foot soldier than a horse/chariot rider. How these sages suddenly say that Rama is a speedy charioteer, is the question. This mahaa rathaH concept is on the analogy of Krishna the charioteer in Bharata. In Vedanta, the human body is frequently referred as ratha, as in ashva kraante rathaH kraante vishNukraante vasu.ndharaa... , Sec. I-37 Mahanaaraayano panishad: 'O, earth that is traversed by a horse [in Vedic rituals,] a chariot, [great souls, why they all when] Vishnu himself treaded on you as Trivikrama... hence I pray you...' Hence the chariot, drawn by the five-senses as its horses, and the earth are also brought and said here by sages. Krishna-Arjuna's chariot too had five-horses. Here the sages with controlled senses, namely horses, are asking the one who chariots/spins the earth and earthlings, to take off the children of lesser gods, namely demons, far away from humans where humans are god controlled species.
viþruta× triÿu lokeÿu yaþas˜ vikrameõa ca |
pit® vratatvam satyam ca tvayi dharma× ca puÿkala× || 3-6-9
9. [tvam= you are]; triSu lokeshu yashasaa vikrameNa ca vishrutaH= in three, worlds, by your repute and valour well, renowned; tvayi= in you; pitR^iu vratatvam satyam ca= to father, devotion, truthfulness, also; pushkalaH= abounding; dharmaH ca= righteousness, even [is there].
"You are well renowned in all the three worlds by your repute and valour, and in you abounding are the virtues like truthfulness and devotion to your father, and even righteousness too, is there. [3-6-9]
The above is the apparent meaning. The subtext is "Are you, the supreme charioteer of Ikshvaku dynasty alone, like Indra for celestial beings? And are you the supreme charioteer of this earth and earthlings alone? Not so...you are the Supreme of the whole Universe, therefore your reputation is well known in all the three worlds. Thus you the Omni-Luminescent entered in Ikshvaku dynasty in the form of Rama, to perform your duties like abiding by father's word, with your usual qualities like abounding virtuousness, safeguarding dharma in respect of your own creation/ maintenance..." Thus this is the confrontation-like- addressing of the enlightened sages. Maheshvara Tirtha.
tv˜m ˜s˜dya mah˜tm˜nam dharmajñam dharma vatsalam |
arthitv˜t n˜tha vakÿy˜ma× tat ca na× kÿantum arhasi || 3-6-10
10. mahaatmaanam= great soul; dharmaj~nam= knower of righteousness; dharma vatsalam= virtue, patron of; tvaam arthitvaat aasaadya= you, like begging, on getting at [we beg to state as we have come across you]; vakshyaamaH= we can tell you [petition to you]; naatha= oh, protector; naH= our; that= that [special or personal] begging; kshantum arhasi= to pardon, will be apt of you.
"You are the great-souled one, knower of righteousness and a patron of virtue... such as you are, on approaching you we beg to state something for which we may please be excused... [3-6-10]
Special supplication to god is a waste. His mercy has to flows on its own accord. Why beg him to perform his own duty? If by mistake, an appeal is made to god to alleviate a personal problem, his pardon may to be begged, but he is not be begged to do favours. Here the sages on one hand say that 'you have come here in the incarnation of Rama to eradicate evil...' At the same time, they say 'we have an appeal for the same...' This begging off, is as per social custom, made to the apparent ruler of the kingdom, not to the innate Divine.
adh˜rma× sumah˜n n˜tha bhavet tasya tu bh¨pate× |
yo haret bali ÿaý bh˜gam na ca rakÿati putravat || 3-6-11
11. naatha= oh, protector; yaH= which king; bali= cess; shaT bhaagam= sixth part; haret= who takes; putra vat= like sons; na ca rakshati= who does not, also, guard; tasya mahii pateH= to such a king; a + dhaarmaH= non-virtue [wrongness,]; su mahaan= very, great; bhavet= will fall upon him.
"Oh! , very great a-dharma, wrongness, will occur to that king who takes the sixth part of the country's produce as cess, but does not safeguard his subjects like his own sons... [3-6-11]
"Protection of subjects is but natural to all kings, but some kings do so for a particular reason, hence this appeal of ours" thus say the sages...Govindaraja. "Though you incarnated yourself to protect the entire universe, so you have to protect us too...but why a special appeal of ours when you are duty bound... that means, we with an unbearable angst of ours make this appeal according to the social custom, but not to harass you. Hence we remind you, Rama, of your kingly duties to safeguard us..." Maheshvara Tirtha. atra a pram˜dena praj˜× samrakÿaõŸy˜× - rakÿaõ˜t uttama loka av˜pti× - arakÿaõe doÿa× ca bhavati iti s¨citam - dharm˜k¨tam
yuñj˜na× sv˜n iva pr˜õ˜n pr˜õai× iÿ÷˜n sut˜n iva |
nitya yukta× sad˜ rakÿan sarv˜n viÿaya v˜sina× || 3-6-12
pr˜pnoti þ˜þvatŸm r˜ma kŸrtim sa bahu v˜rÿikŸm |
brahmaõa× sth˜nam ˜s˜dya tatra ca api mahŸyate || 3-6-13
12, 13. sarvaan vishaya vaasinaH= all, country, dwellers [subjects]; praanaiH iSTaan sutaan iva= than life, dearer, sons, like; svaan praanaan yunjaanah iva= his own, lives, give away, as though; nitya yuktaH sadaa rakshan= always, endeavouring, always, protecting; saH= he that king; praapnoti = will attain; shaashvatiim kiirtim= permanent, renown; bahu vaarSikiim= lasting for many years; brahmaNaH sthaanam aasaadya= in Brahma's abode, a place, on getting; tatra ca api mahiiyate= there, also, even, will prosper.
"A king shall treat all the subjects of kingdom as his own sons, and he shall protect them as though he is ready to save them at the cost of his own lives, and he who will always be endeavouring in that manner will attain permanent renown lasting for many for many years to come, and thereby he attains a prosperous place even in Brahma's abode... [3-6-12, 3]
yat karoti param dharmam muni× m¨la phala aþana× |
tatra r˜jña× catur bh˜ga× praj˜ dharmeõa rakÿata× || 3-6-14
14. prajaa dharmeNa rakshataH= people, virtuously, he who protects; raaj~naH= for that king; muula phala ashanaH= tubers, fruits, eater; muniH= sage; yat= which; param dharmam= great, duty-bound deeds; karoti= performs; tatra catur bhaagaH= there [from sage,] to that king, fourth, part; [labhati= he gets.]
"He who righteously protects his subjects will get one fourth of the merit of great duty-bound deeds performed by each individual sage, say yajna-s, ascesis, meditation etc. performances. [3-6-14]
so ayam br˜hmaõa bh¨yiÿ÷ho v˜naprastha gaõo mah˜n |
tvam n˜tho an˜thavat r˜ma r˜kÿasai× hanyate bh®þam || 3-6-15
15. O, Rama; tvam naathaH= while you are, there as protector; braahmaNa bhuuyiSThaH= with Brahmans, are there numerously; mahaan= most reverent ones; saH yam= that, this one [suchlike]; vaanaprastha gaNaH= hermitages, groups of; a + naatha vat= forsaken ones, as though; raakshasaiH bhR^isham hanyate = by the demons, devastatingly, demolished.
"O, Rama, though you are there as protector for the hermitages, suchlike this one, where the most reverent Brahmans are there numerously, they look as though forsaken, for they are being demolished by demons, devastatingly... [3-6-15]
ehi paþya þarŸr˜õi munŸn˜m bh˜vita ˜tman˜m |
hat˜n˜m r˜kÿasai× ghorai× bah¨n˜m bahudh˜ vane || 3-6-16
16. ehi pashya= come and see; vane ghoraiH raakshasaiH bahudhaa hataanaam= in forest, by ghastly, demons, variously, killed; muniinaam bhaavita aatmanaam= of sages, contemplative, souls; bahuunaam = many of them; shariiraaNi= bodies.
"Come and see many of the bodies of the sages, the contemplative souls, that are variously killed by ghastly demons in the forest... [3-6-16]
pamp˜ nadŸ niv˜s˜n˜m anumand˜kinŸm api |
citrak¨÷a ˜lay˜n˜m ca kriyate kadanam mahat || 3-6-17
17. pampaa nadii nivaasaanaam= Pampa, riverside, dwelling; anu mandaakiniim api= along, Mandakini river, even; chitrakuuTa aalayaanaam ca= at Mt.Chitrkuuta, surrounds, also; kriyate kadanam mahat= does, warfare, hideous one.
"At Pampa riverside, and alongside of River Mandakini, and at the surroundings of Mt. Chitrakuta also, this hideous warfare is being done... [3-6-17]
evam vayam na m®ÿy˜mo viprak˜ram tapasvin˜m |
kriyam˜õam vane ghoram rakÿobhi× bhŸma karmabhi× || 3-6-18
18. evam vayam na mR^iSyaamaH= thus, we, not able to tolerate; vi prakaaram= not, orderliness [injustice]; tapasvinaam= for sages; kriyamaaNam vane ghoram= being executed by, in forest, in a ghastly manner; rakshobhiH bhiima karmabhiH= by demons, with fiendish, deeds.
"Thus. we are not able to tolerate this injustice to the sages, being executed in this forest by the demons with fiendish deeds, in a ghastly manner... [3-6-18]
tata× tv˜m þaraõ˜rtham ca þaraõyam samupasthit˜× |
parip˜laya na× r˜ma vadhyam˜n˜n niþ˜carai× || 3-6-19
19. tataH= therefore; O, Rama; sharaNyam tvaam sharaNa artham= a protecting one, a you, for protection, for the purpose of; sam upasthitaaH= we present before you; nishaa caraiH= by night-walkers; vadhyamaanaan= being killed; naH pari paalaya = protect= us, you safeguard.
"Therefore we present ourselves before you as you are our protector, for the purpose of your protecting us that are being killed by nightwalkers... please safe guard us... [3-6-19]
It is said as 'you are the only refuge' because there is no pre or post verbs for this sharaNyam, thus you aare the protector of all worlds. sharaNa artham is taken as to 'place us at our appropriate place,' namely in the abode after total salvation; sam upasthitaa or sam upaagamaa as in other versions, we have come here with vishvaasa, faithfulness, sharaNaagati , servitude, kainkarya , surrender etc.; naH paripaalaya protect us and with this word, it is again repeated in next verse as paripaalaya naH ; and later in the verse the request - from what to be protected is said. That is aniSTa nivR^itti ruupa phala praarthana, 'removal of that which is undesirable.' That is to say: 'we better be given total salvation rather than killed by these demons, which is half way through our exercise to attain total salvation.' is the subtext of the speech of sages.
par˜ tvatta× gati× vŸra p®dhivyam na upapadyate |
parip˜laya na× sarv˜n r˜kÿasebhyo n®p˜tmaja× || 3-6-20
20. viiraH= oh! Valiant one; tvattaH= than you; paraa gatiH= other, way out; pR^idhivyam na upapadyate= on the earth, not, deducible; nR^ipa atmajaH= king's, son –oh, prince; paripaalaya naH= protect us; sarvaan= all; raakshasebhyaH= from demons.
"Other than you, oh, valorous Rama, no way-out is deducible on this earth, hence oh, prince, protect all of us from the demons... [3-6-20]
There is no way-out on this earth, for that matter of fact in all the universe, when the 'earth' becomes upa lakshNa for all worlds. This is in consonance with the scripture's saying, na anyaH panthaa vidyate ayanaaya...puruSa suukta R.V. X-90 and thus those sages say 'we are contaminated with limited fruition of our practices parimita phalatva, and other suchlike limitations. But you are evident here...before our naked eyes...so protect us from the demons...' where the demons, raakshsebhyaH comes to mean sarva aniSTaaH, all earthly undesirables. Again coupled with the vocation of 'Oh Prince...' it is said as: "you have come here like a prince of Ayodhya, unlike a wild boar, or a fish or a man-lion, your earlier incarnations, so remember us and give us salvation...
etat þrutv˜ tu k˜kutstha× t˜pas˜n˜m tapasvin˜m |
idam prov˜ca dharm˜tm˜ sarv˜n eva tapasvina× || 3-6-21
21. dharmaatmaa= virtuous soul; kaakutsthaH= Kakutstha scion Rama; taapasaanaam= of great penance; etat shrutvaa tu= all that, on hearing; tapasvinaam= sages; idam provaaca= this, said; sarvaan eva tapasvinaH= all of the, thus, sages.
On hearing all that is said by the sages of great penance, he that virtue souled Rama said this unto all of the sages. [3-6-21]
na evam arhatha m˜m vaktum ˜jñ˜pya× aham tapasvin˜m |
kevalena sva k˜ryeõa praveÿ÷avyam vanam may˜ || 3-6-22
22. evam maam vaktum na arhatha= this way, to me, to speak, not, apt of you; aham tapasvinaam aaj~naapyaH= I, sages, can be ordered; kevalena aatma kaaryeNa [sva kaaryeNa] mayaa vanam praveSTavyam= just for, personal purpose, by me, forest had to be entered.
"Unapt is this way of speaking to me...command me, for I am at your behest... just for my personal purpose I had to enter the forests.... [3-6-22]
viprak˜ram ap˜kraÿ÷um r˜kÿasai× bhavat˜m imam |
pitu× tu nirdeþakara× praviÿ÷o aham idam vanam || 3-6-23
23. aham= I am; raakshasaiH= owing to demons; bhavataam= in your respect; imam= all this; vi prakaaram=unconscionable state; apaakraSTum= to obliterate; pituH tu= by father; nirdeshakaraH= as ordered; idam vanam= this forest; praviSTaH= entered.
"I entered this forest as ordered by my father and even to obliterate the unconscionable state of yours owing to the misdeeds of demons. [3-6-23]
Rama's saying that 'I am at your command, oh sages...' is indicative of his nature of bhakta jana vashya... in the control of his ardent devotees, so no special prayer for salvation is needed. In the expression kevalene aatma/sva kaaryeNa... the word kevala is not a kevala pada ... just a word... it indicates a radical sense, like 'for that purpose only' meaning to eradicate demonic menace only, I entered the forest...' Because the sheSin has to come to the rescue of sheSi, the servant. So 'safeguarding my own servants is my own responsibility and also pleasure, that is why I entered the forests, where my father's orders are nimitta, a concomitant factor, and not that I entered these forest due to my karma, or misfortune...' Govindaraja. According to Maheshvara Tirtha 'My coming to forests at the orders of my father is a fact but concomitant factor in this forest trek is your request to eliminate the demons, which I will do...' This is evident meaning. The latent one is "I have entered these forests only at my own desire to eradicate demons, for they are doing wrong to you, my servants sheSin-s, and I abide by you, my devotees...' c.f., Griffit's Translit: I wait the hests of all of you. / I by mine own occasion led / This mighty forest needs must tread, / And while I keep my sire's decree / Your lives from threatening foes will free.
bhavat˜m artha siddhyartham ˜gato'ham yad®cchay˜ |
tasya me ayam vane v˜so bhaviÿyati mah˜phala× | 3-6-24
24. aham= I; bhavataam artha siddhyartham= for your, purpose, achievement; yard^icChayaa= perchance; aagataH = have come; tasya me= such as I am, for me; ayam vane vaasaH= in this forest, dwelling; mahaa phalaH= immensely, fruitful; bhavishyati= it will be.
"Perchance I have come for the achievement of your purpose, such as I am, dwelling in this forest will immensely be fruitful to me... [3-6-24]
tapasvin˜m raõe þatr¨n hantum icch˜mi r˜kÿas˜n |
paþyantu vŸryam ®ÿaya× sa× br˜tur me tapodhan˜× || 3-6-25
25. tapasvinaam shatruun raakshasaan raNe hantum icChaami= of sages, enemies, demons, in war, to eliminate, I wish to; tapaH dhanaaH R^ishayaH= by penance, rich, sages; pashyantu= may behold; sa bhraatuH me viiryam= with, brother, my, valour.
"I wish to eliminate demons, the enemies of sages, in war... let the sages behold my valour, and my brother's valour in doing so..." Thus Rama promised the sages. [3-6-25]
dattv˜ abhayam ca api tapo dhan˜n˜m
dharme dh®ita ˜tm˜ saha lakÿmaõena |
tapo dhanai× ca api saha ˜rya datta×
sutŸkÿõam eva abhijag˜ma vŸra× || 3-6-26
26. dharme dhR^ita atmaa= in virtue, one who is firm, soulfully; viiraH= valiant Rama; tapaH dhanaanaam= to sages; dattvaa abhayam= on giving, aegis; saha lakshmaNena= with, Lakshmana; tapodhanaiH ca api= sages, also; saha= along with; aarya datta= by Arya, given [by honourable Janaka given - Seetha]; sutiixkshNam eva abhi jagaama= to Sage Suteekshna alone, journeyed forward.
Thus giving his aegis to the sages, that valiant Rama who is firmly virtue-souled, journeyed towards Sage Suteekshna with Lakshmana and the sages, and along with the one given by Honourable Janaka, namely Seetha. [3-6-26]
iti v˜lmŸki r˜m˜yaõe ˜di k˜vye araõya k˜õýe ÿaÿ÷ha× sarga×
Thus, this is the 6h chapter in Aranya of Valmiki Ramayana, the First Epic poem of India.
© 2001, Desiraju Hanumanta Rao, [Revised : March. 04]