Book III : Aranya Kanda - The Forest Trek
Rama and the other two on their way to Panchavati come into contact with Jatayu, the mighty eagle. When Rama questions about its identity, Jatayu narrates the creation of animal species along with humans, and informs Rama that he is a friend of King Dasharatha and would like to help Rama in exile. |
Aw p<cvqIm! g½Ú! ANtra r"unNdn>,
Aassad mhakaym! g&Øm! -Im pra³mm!. 3£14£1
1. atha= then; raghunandanaH pancavaTiim gacChann= Rahu's descendent, to Panchavati, while proceeding; antaraa= in midway; mahaa kaayam bhiima paraakramam= with mammoth, bodied, with marvellous, might; gR^idhram aasasaada= an eagle he reached, came across.
Then while proceeding to Panchavati that Rahu's descendent came across a mammoth eagle with marvellous might in midway. [3-14-1]
tm! †òœva taE mha-agaE vnSwm! ram lúm[aE,
menate ra]sm! pi]m! äuva[aE kae -van! #it. 3£14£2
2. mahaabhaagau tau raama lakSmaNau= highly privileged, those two, Rama, Lakshmana; vanastham= in forest [vaTastham= on tree]; tam pakSim dR^iSTvaa= him, that bird, on seeing; kau bhavaan iti= who, you are, thus; bruvaaNau= saying; raakSasam menaate= demon, they presumed.
On seeing such an eagle in the forest those two highly privileged brothers Rama and Lakshmana questioned it asking, "Who you are?" presuming it to be a demon. [3-14-2]
s taE mxurya vaca saEMyya àI[yÚ! #v,
%vac vTs mam! iviÏ vySym! ipturœ AaTmn>. 3£14£3
3. saH= he, that eagle; tau madhurayaa saumyayaa vaacaa= to them, with sweet, soft, with words; uvaaca priiNayann iva= spoke, pleasing them, as though; vatsa= oh boy Rama; maam aatmanaH pituH vayasyam viddhi= me, of your, father's, friend , thus you know.
But that eagle with sweet ad soft words spoke to them as though to please them, "oh boy Rama know me as your father's friend." [3-14-3]
s tm! ipt& som! mTva pUjyamas ra"v>,
s tSy k…lm! AVy¢m! Aw pàCD nam c. 3£14£4
4. saH= he that; raaghavaH= Raghava; tam= that bird; pitR^i sakham matvaa puujayaamaasa= him, as father's, friend, accepting, revered; atha saH avyagram= then, he [Rama,] without haste; tasya kulam naama ca papracCha= its, lineage, name, also, asked for.
Accepting that bird as his father's friend Raghava revered it, and he that Rama then asked for that eagle's name and lineage. [3-14-4]
ramSy vcnm! ïuTva k…lm! AaTmanm! @v c,
Aacc]e iÖj> tSmE svR-Ut smuÑvm!. 3£14£5
5. dvijaH= that bird; raamasya vacanam shrutvaa= Rama's, words, on hearing; sarva bhuuta sam udbhavam= reg. all, beings, overall, genesis; kulam aatmaanam eva ca= ancestry, himself, thus, also; aacacakSe tasmai= said, to them.
On hearing Rama's words that bird said about his ancestry and himself, and in doing so, that eagle also narrated the overall genesis of all beings. [3-14-5]
pUvRkale mhabahae ye àjaptyae A-vn!,
tan! me ingdt> svaRn! Aaidt> z&[u ra"v. 3£14£6
6. puurva kaale mahaabaahuH= once, upon a time, oh dextrous one; Raaghava; ye prajaa patayaH abhavan= those, people's, lords, were there; taan sarvaan= of them, all; me nigadataH= from me, while I narrate; aaditaH= from beginning; shR^iNu= you may listen.
"Once upon a time there were lords of people, oh dextrous Raghava, and you may listen all about them from the beginning, while I narrate [3-14-6]
kdRm> àwm> te;am! ivk«t> tdœ AnNtrm!,
ze;> c s<ïy> cEv b÷ puÇ> c vIyRvan! . 3£14£7
Swa[urœ mrIicrœ AiÇ> c ³tu> cEv mhabl>,
pulSTy> c A<igra> cEv àceta> pulh> twa. 3£14£8
d]ae ivvSvan! Aprae Airòneim> c ra"v,
kZyp> c mhateja> te;am! AasIt! c piím>. 3£14£9
7. teSaam= among them; kardamaH prathamaH= Kardama, the first one; vikR^iitaH tat anantaram= Vikrita, then, afterwards; sheSaH ca samshrayaH caiva= Sesha, also, Samshraya, also thus; bahu putraH ca viiryavaan= with many, children, also, vigorous one; sthaaNuH mariiciH atriH ca= Sthanu, Mariichi, Atri, also; kratuH caiva mahaabalaH= Kratu, also thus, great mighty one; pulastyaH ca angiraaH caiva pracetaaH pulahaH tathaa= Pulasthya, also, Angiira, also thus, Pracheta, Pulah, then; dakSaH vivasvaan aparaH ariSTanemiH ca= Daksha, Vivaswan, then, Arishtanemi; raaghava= oh Raghava; kashyapaH ca mahaatejaaH= Kashyapa, also, great resplendent; teSaam aasiit pashcimaH= of them, was there, the last one.
"Of them Kardama was there at first, and afterwards Sesha, and later Samshraya was there with many children and a vigorous one he was. Then Sthaanu, Mariichi, Atri, the great mighty one Kratu, Pulasthya, Angira, Pracheta and Pulah were there. And oh, Raghava, Daksha, Vivaswan were while the other name of Vivasvan is Arishtanemi, and lastly the great resplendent Kashyapa, was there as Prajapati. [3-14-9] [3-14-7]
àjapte> tu d]Sy b-Uvurœ #it ivïutm!,
;iòrœ Êihtrae ram yziSvNyae mhayz>. 3£14£10
10. mahaa yashaH raama= oh, highly, glorious, Rama; prajaapateH dakSasya= people's lord, for Daksha; SaSTiH duhitaraH= sixty, daughters; yashasvinyaH= highly renowned ones; babhuuvuH iti vi shrutam= were there, thus, we hear.
"Oh glorious Rama, there were sixty highly renowned daughters to Daksha, thus we hear. [3-14-10]
kZyp> àitj¢ah tasam! AòaE sumXyma>,
Aiditm! c iditm! cEv dnUm! Aip c kalkam!. 3£14£11
taèam! ³aex vzam! cEv mnum! c APy! Anlam! Aip,
11, 12a. kashyapaH= Kashyapa; taasaam= from them; aditim ca ditim caiva= Aditi, also, Diti, like that; danuum= Danu; api ca= even, also; kaalakaam taamraam krodhavashaam caiva= Kaalakaa Taamra, Krodhavasha, also thus; manum ca api analaam api= Manu, also, even, Anala, also; aSTau su madhyamaaH prati jagraaha= eight, slender, waisted ones, has accepted.
"Of them Kashyapa accepted eight slender-waisted daughters of Daksha Prajapati, namely Aditi, Diti, Danu, Kaalakaa and Taamra, Krodhavasha, also thus Manu and even Anala also as wives. [3-14-11, 12a]
ta> tu kNya> tt> àIt> kZyp> punrœ AävIt!. 3£14£12
puÇaM> ÇElaeKy -t¨Rn! vE jniy:yw mt! sman!,
12b, 13a. tataH priitaH kashyapaH= then, gladdened, Kashyapa is; taaH kanyaaH punaH abraviit= to them, girls – young wives, in turn, said; trai lokya bhartR^In vai= three, worlds, sustainers of, indeed; mat samaan putraam janayiSyatha= sons, to me, similar, you deliver.
"Then Kashyapa is gladdened and said to those young wives, "You all shall deliver sons similar to me and who can sustain the three worlds." [3-14-12b, 13a]
Aidit> tn! mna ram idit> c dnurœ @v c. 3£14£13
kalka c mhabahae ze;a> tu Amnsae A-vn!,
13b, 14a. aditiH tan manaa= Aditi, that, agreed; raama= Rama; mahaabaahuH= oh, dextrous one; ditiH ca danuH eva ca= Diti, also, Danu, even, also kaalakaa ca[ manaa]= Kaalakaa, also, [agreed]; sheSaaH tu a manasaH abhavan= others, but, not, heedful, they became;.
"Oh, dextrous Rama, Aditi, Diti, Kaalakaa and Danu have agreed for that, but others became unheedful of Kashyapa's words. [3-14-13b, 14a]
AidTyam! ji}re deva> Çy> iÇ<zt! Air<dm. 3£14£14
AaidTya vsvae éÔa AiñnaE c pr<tp,
14b, 15a. arindama= oh enemy-destroyer; adityaam devaaH aadityaa vasavaH rudraa ashvinau ca= from Aditi, Aadityaa-s, Vasu-s, two Ashvini-s; trayaH trimshat devaaH jaj~nire= thirty three, gods, are born; parantapa= oh enemy-oppressor.
"Aditi gave birth to twelve Aditya-s, the Sun-gods, eight Vasu-s, the Terrestrials-gods, eleven Rudraa-s, the Fury-gods, and two Ashvinis, the medicine-gods, total thirty-three of them. [3-14-14b, 15a]
idit> tu Ajnyt! puÇan! dETyam! tat yziSvn>. 3£14£15
te;am! #ym! vsumtI pura AasIt! s vn A[Rva,
15b, 16a. taata= oh, boy; ditiH tu yashasvinaH daityaam putraan ajanayat= Diti, but, well-known ones, Daitya-s [so-called demons,] as sons, gave birth to; sa vana arNavaa= with, forests, oceans; iyam vasumatii teSaam puraa aasiit= this, earth, theirs, earlier, was there.
"Oh, boy Rama, Diti gave birth to well-known Daitya-s, the so-called demons, and earlier this earth with forests and oceans belonged to them. [3-14-15b, 16a]
dnu> tu Ajnyt! puÇm! Añ¢Ivm! Air<dm. 3£14£16
nrkm! kalkm! cEv kalka Aip Vyjayt,
16b, 17a. arindama= oh, enemy- destroyer Rama; danuH ashvagriivam putram ajanayat= Danu, to Ashvagriiva or Hayagriiva, the son, gave birth to; narakam kaalakam caiva= Naraka, Kaalaka, also thus; kaalakaa api vyajaayata= Kaalakaa, even gave birth to.
"And oh, enemy-destroyer Rama, Danu gave birth to son Ashvagriiva or also called Hayagriiva, Horse-headed god, and Kaalakaa gave birth to Naraka and Kaalaka. [3-14-16b, 17a]
³aENcIm! -asIm! twa ZyenIm! x&traò+Im! twa zukIm!. 3£14£17
taèa tu su;uve kNya> p<c @ta laekivïuta>,
17b, 18a. taamraa tu= Taamraa, but; kraunciim bhaasiim tathaa shyeniim dhR^itaraaSTriim tathaa shukiim= to Krounchi, Bhaasii, then, to Shyenii, Dhritaraashtrii, like that, to Shukii; etaa= these [above mentioned]; loka vishrutaaH panca kanyaaH suSuve= world, renowned, to five, girls, gave birth.
"But Taamraa gave birth to five world renowned girls namely, Krounchi, Bhaasii, Shyenii, Dhritaraashtrii, and Shukii. [3-14-17b, 18a]
%lUkan! jnyt! ³aENcI -asI -asan! Vyjayt. 3£14£18
ZyenI Zyenam! c g&Øam c Vyjayt sutejs>,
x&traò+I tu h<sam! c klh<sam! c svRz>. 3£14£19
18b, 19. krauncii uluukaan janayat= Kraunchii, given birth, to Uluukaa-s [owls]; bhaasii vyajaayata bhaasaan= Bhaasii, gave birth to, Bhaasaa-s [vultures]; shyenii vyajaayata su tejasaH shyenaam gR^idhraama ca= Shyenii, gave birth to, very sharp, eagles, falcons [or, raptors as the case may be]; tu= but [in contrast]; dhR^itaraaSTrii hamsaam ca sarvashaH kala hamsaam ca= Dhritaraashtrii, [gave birth to]; swans, also, all of the, kalahamsa-s [other graceful water-birds.]
"And from each of the five daughters of Taamraa in turn emanated are the other avian species, where Kraunchii gave birth to Uluuka-s, the owls, Bhasii-s gave birth to Bhaasaa-s, the vultures, and Shyenii gave birth to very sharp eagles and falcons, and then Dhritaraashtrii gave birth to swans and all other kinds of graceful water-birds. [3-14-18b, 19]
c³vakam! c -Ôm! te ivj}e sa Aip -aimnI,
zukI ntam! ivj}e tu ntaya ivnta suta. 3£14£20
20. saa bhaaminii cakravaakaam ca api vijaj~ne= she, that lady, Chakravaaka birds, also, even, gave birth to; bhadram te= safe, you be Rama; shukii vijaj~ne nataam tu= Shukii, gave birth, to Nata; nataayaaH sutaa vinataa= Nata's, daughter, is Vinata.
"Dhritaraashtrii gave birth even to Chakravaaka water-birds, and Shukii gave birth to a daughter Nata, and Nata's daughter is Vinata. [3-14-20]
dz ³aexvza ram ivj}e Aip AaTms<-va>,
m&gIm! c m&gm<dam! c hrIm! -Ômdam! Aip. 3£14£21
mat<gIm! Aw zaËRlIm! ñetam! c sur-Im! twa,
svR l][ s<pÚam! sursam! kÔ‚kam! Aip. 3£14£22
21, 22. raama= Rama; krodhavashaa= by Krodhavasha; vijaj~ne api= given birth, even; mR^igiim= Mrigi; mR^igamandaam= Mrigamanda; hariim= Hari; bhadramadaam= Bhadramanda; maatangiim= maatangii; shaarduuliim= shadruulii; shvetaam= shweta; surabhiim= Surabhi; sarva lakSaNa sampannaam surasaam= all, giftedness, possessing, Surasa; kadrukaam api= Kadruva, even to; aatma sambhavaaH dasha= self-same, ten [daughters.]
"Oh, Rama, Krodhavasha gave birth to ten of her self-same daughters namely Mrigi, Mrigamanda, Hari, Bhadramanda, Maatangii, Sharduulii, Shweta, Surabhii, and like that to Surasa, who is embodied with all giftedness, and even to Kadruva. [3-14-21, 22]
ApTym! tu m&ga> sveR m&Gya nrvraeÄm,
\]a> c m&gm<daya> s&mra> cmra> twa. 3£14£23
23. nara vara uttama= oh, best of the best men Rama; sarve mR^igaaH= all of the, deer; mR^igyaaH apatyam= Mrigi's, progeny; mR^igamandaayaaH apatyam= Mrigamanda's, children are; R^ikSaaH sR^imaraaH camaraaH= bears, Srimara-s, a kind of antelopes, yak like oxen; tathaa= like that.
"Children Mrigi are all of the the deer, oh best of the best-men, Rama, and Mrigamnda's progeny is Riksha-s, Bears, a kind of antelope, and like that the Himalayan yak like species.[3-14-23]
tt> tu #ravtIm! nam j}e -Ômda sutam!,
tSya> tu @eravt> puÇae laeknawae mhagj>. 3£14£24
24. tataH= then; bhadramadaa jaj~ne= Bhadramanda, gave birth to; iraavatiim naama sutaam= to Iravati, named, daughter; tasyaaH putraH airaavataH= her, son is, Airavata; mahaa gajaH= great, elephant; loka naathaH= world, protector.
"Then Bhadramanda gave birth to the girl named Iravati and her son is elephant the great, Airaavata, the protector of world. [3-14-24]
hyaR> c hryae ApTym! vanra> c tpiSvn>,
gaela<gUla> c zaËRlI Vyaºam! c Ajnyt! sutan!. 3£14£25
25. harayoH= lions; tarasvinaH= mighty [tapasvinaH= sagely, gentle]; vaanaraaH= monkeys; haryaaH apatyam= [lady] Hari's, offspring; shaarduulii ajanayat sutaan= [lady] Sharduulii, gave birth, to sons; golaanguulaaH vyaaghraam= baboons, tigers;
"And Hari's offspring are lions and sagely/mighty monkeys, while Sharduulii gave birth to baboons and tigers. [3-14-25]
mat<Gya> tu Aw matNgapTym! mnuj \;-,
idzagjm! tu ñet kak…TSw ñeta Vyjnyt! sutm!. 3£14£26
26. manujarSabha= oh, the best man Rama; atha= then; maatangyaaH aapatyam maatangaH= Maatangi's, children, are elephants; kaakutstha= oh, Rama; shveta vyajanayat sutaan dishaa gajaam= Shweta, gave birth, to sons, at quarters, elephants;=.
"Then Maatangi's childrenm are elephants, oh, best one among men, Rama, and Shweta gave birth to eight elephants that are at eight quarters of world, sustaining the world on their head. [3-14-26]
ttae ÊihtraE ram suri-rœ Öe iv Ajayt,
raeih[Im! nam -Ôm! te gNxvIRm! c yziSvnIm!. 3£14£27
27. tataH= then; surabhiH= Surabhi; rohiNiim naama yashasviniim= Rohini, named, illustrious one; gandharviim ca= Gandharvii, also; vi ajaayata dve duhitarau= gave birth, to two, daughters; bhadram te safe, you be; noted one.
"Then, oh Rama, Surabhi gave birth to two daughters, one is named as illustrious Rohini, safe you be, and the other is Gandharvi. [3-14-27]
raeihi[ Ajnydœ gavae gNxvIR vaijn> sutan!,
sursa Ajnyn! nagan! ram kÔƒ> c pÚgan!. 3£124£28
28. rohiNi ajanayat gaavaH= Rohini, gave birth, to cows; gandharvii [ajanayat ] sutaan vaajinaH= Gandharvii, [gave birth] to sons, the horses; surasaa ajanayan naagaan= Surasa, gave birth, many headed serpents; raama= oh, Rama; kadruuH ca pannagaan= Kadru, also, to [ordinary] serpents.
"Rohini gave birth to cows and other livestock, while Surasa gave birth to Naagaa-s, viz., many headed serpents, while Kadru gave birth to ordinary serpents. [3-124-28]
mnurœ mnu:yan! jnyt! kZypSy mhaTmn>,
äaü[an! ]iÇyan! vEZyan! zUÔam! c mnujR;-. 3£14£29
29. manujarSabha= man, the best among, Rama; manuH= [lady] Manu; kashyapasya mahaatmanaH= [wife] of Sage Kashyapa, the great-soul; braahmaNaan kSatriyaan vaishyaan shuudraam ca= Brahmans, Kshatriya-s, Vaishyaa-s, Shuudraa-s, also; manuSyaan janayat= procreated, humans.
"Oh, the best among men Rama, the wife of great-soul Kashyapa, lady Manu procreated humans, Brahman--s, Kshatriya-s, Vyasya-s, and Shudra-s. [3-14-29]
muotae äaü[a jata %rs> ]iÇya> twa,
^é_yam! ji}re vEZya> pÑ(am! zUÔa #it ïuit>. 3£14£30
30. mukhataH braahmaNaa jaataa= from face, Brahman-s, came; urasaH kSatriyaaH tathaa= from chest, Kshatriya-s, likewise; uurubhyaam jaj~nire vaishyaaH= from two thighs, came out, Vyasya-s; padbhyaam shuudraa= from two feet, shuudraa-s; iti shrutiH= thus, we hear from scriptures [Veda-s.]
"The Brahman-s emerged from face, the Kshatriya-s from chest, the Vyasya-s from two thighs, and the Shudra-s from two feet, thus we hear from the scriptures viz., Veda, i.e., Rig Veda Purusha Shuukta. [3-14-30]
svaRn! pu{y )lan! v&]an! Anla Aip Vyjayt,
ivnta c zukI paEÇI kÔƒ> c sursa Svsa. 3£14£31
31. analaa api= [lady] Anala, even; vyajaayata= gave birth to; puNya phalaan sarvaan vR^ikSaan= merited ones, fruit-bearing, all, trees; vinataa ca shukii pautrii [dauhitri]= Vinata, also, Shuki's, grand daughter [daughter's daughter]; kadruuH ca surasaa svasaa= Kadru, also, Surasa's, sister; I will narrate.
"All the merited fruit-bearing trees are given birth by Anala, and now I will narrate about Vinata, the daughter's daughter of Shukii, and about Kadru, the sister of Surasa. [3-14-31]
kÔƒrœ nag shöm! tu ivj}e xr[Ixrn!,
ÖaE puÇaE ivntaya> tu géfae Aé[ @v c. 3£14£32
32. kadruuH= [lady] Kadru; sahasram [sahasra aasyam]= thousand faced; dharaNii dharan= earth, bearer – one who can bear the earth; naaga [naagam] vijaj~ne= to serpent, gave birth; vinataayaaH tu= of Vinata, but; garuDaH aruNa eva ca= Garuda and AruNa, also, like that; dvau putrau= two, sons [took birth.]
"Kadru gave birth to a thousand-headed serpent who is the bearer of this earth, and Vinata gave birth to two sons namely Garuda and Aruna. [3-14-32]
Garuda is the eagle-vehicle of Lord Vishnu, while Aruna, also called Anuuru, for he is a thigh-less being, is the charioteer of Sun's seven-horse chariot. The seven horses of Sun's chariot are the seven colours in vibgyor as in a rainbow. Aruna and Garuda are of avian origination and attributed to be the speediest propellers, and Jatayu and Sampati belong to that lineage.
tSmat! jatae Ahm! Aé[at! s<pait> c mm A¢j>,
jqayurœ #it mam! iviÏ ZyenI puÇm! Air<dm. 3£14£33
33. arindama= oh enemy destroyer Rama; aham= I am; tasmaat [asmaat] aruNaat= from that lineage / from him, from Aruna/Anuura; jaataH= took birth; sampaatiH mama agrajaH= Sampaati, is my, elder brother; shyenii putram= Shyeni's, son; maam= me; jaTaayuH iti viddhi= Jatayu, thus as, know me.
"Oh enemy-destroyer Rama, I took birth from that Aruna, the charioteer of Sun, and my elder brother Sampati too, hence know me as Jatayu, the son of Shyenii. [3-14-33]
sae Ahm! vas shay> te -iv:yaim yid #CDis,
#dm! ÊgRm! ih kaNtarm! m&g ra]s seivtm!
sItam! c tat ri]:ye Tviy yate slúm[e. 3£14£34
34. saH aham= such as I am; icChasi yadi= you wish, if; te vaasa sahaayaH bhaviSyaami= your, at residence, as helpmate, I can be; durgam idam kaantaaram= impassable, this one, forest is; mR^iga raakshasa sevitam hi= by predators, demons, beloved to, isn't it; taata= oh boy; sa lakSmaNe tvayi yaate= with Lakshmana, on your, going out; siitaam rakSiSye= Seetha, I wish to protect.
"Such as I am, I can be your helpmate at your residence if only you wish me to... oh, boy, this impassable forest is a beloved one to predators and demons, isn't it... as such I can take care of Seetha if you and Lakshmana go out..." Thus Jatayu said to Rama. [3-14-34]
jqayu;m! tu àitpUJy ra"vae
muda pir:vJy c sÚtae A-vt!,
ipturœ ih zuïav sioTvm! AaTmvan!
jqayu;a s<kiwtm! pun> pun>. 3£14£35
35. raaghavaH= Raghava; jaTaayuSam pratipuujya= at Jatayu, in turn, revering; mudaa pariSvajya ca= gladly, on hugging; sannataH abhavat= bowed down, he [Rama] became; aatmavaan= kind-natured one [Rama]; jaTaayuSaa punaH punaH sam kathitam= by Jatayu, again, again well, narrated; pituH sakhitvam shushraava hi= father's, friendship, heard of [he is regardful,] indeed.
Raghava revered Jatayu in his turn by gladly hugging and stood by him with his head bent, and that kind-natured Rama is indeed regardful of the friendship of his father with Jatayu that is repeatedly said by Jatayu. [3-14-35]
s tÇ sItam! pirday mEiwlIm!
sh @v ten Aitblen pi][a,
jgam tam! p<cvqIm! slúm[ae
irpUn! idx]n! zl-an! #v Anl> . 3£14£36
36. saH maithiliim siitaam paridaaya= he that Rama, Maithili's, Seetha, on taking; sa lakSmaNaH= with Lakshmana; ati balena tena pakSiNaa saha eva= very, mighty one, with that, bird, along with, thus; analaH shalabhaan iva= as fire, for grasshoppers, like; ripuun didhakSan= enemies, to incinerate; taam pancavaTiim= to that, Panchavati; jagaama= proceeded.
He that Rama took the princess from Mithila Seetha, and proceeded to Panchavati along with that very mighty bird and Lakshmana, as though to incinerate enemies, like fire that burns down grasshoppers. [3-14-36]
#it vaLmIik ramay[e Aaid kaVye Ar{y ka{fe ctudRz> sgR
Thus, this is the 14th chapter in Aranya Kanda of Valmiki Ramayana, the First Epic poem of India.
© 2001, Desiraju Hanumanta Rao, [Revised : March 04]